{
  "version": 1,
  "prepared": "2026-10-19",
  "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "method": "AI-assisted usage notes and curated dictionary-backed word glosses; selected words ordered by subtitle token count, with explicitly marked dictionary-only examples last and explained related forms. Most names and specialist entries omitted. Not an exhaustive vocabulary ranking.",
  "sources": {
    "dictionary": "https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=cc-cedict",
    "frequency": "https://github.com/hermitdave/FrequencyWords",
    "frequency_commit": "525f9b560de45753a5ea01069454e72e9aa541c6",
    "frequency_sha256": "0a34556e278008539273e07bda10baca9e2b9637cff2ff3ca9cd93782571abbd",
    "dictionary_sha256": "2d42d41f75df8708d9d9b236d8ae15ecf1cef525aef8ebb8499a74cb09e1b096"
  },
  "pages": [
    {
      "character": "歉",
      "rank": 335,
      "pinyin": "qian4",
      "meaning": "to apologize; regret; deficient",
      "usage": "Usually learned through compounds rather than used alone in conversation. 抱歉 expresses being sorry, while 道歉 means to apologize. The idea of falling short also survives in 歉收, a poor harvest, which is separate from apologizing.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "抱歉",
          "traditional": "抱歉",
          "pinyin": "bao4 qian4",
          "meaning": "sorry; to feel apologetic",
          "label": "",
          "count": 50333
        },
        {
          "word": "道歉",
          "traditional": "道歉",
          "pinyin": "dao4 qian4",
          "meaning": "to apologize",
          "label": "",
          "count": 7434
        },
        {
          "word": "歉意",
          "traditional": "歉意",
          "pinyin": "qian4 yi4",
          "meaning": "apology; a feeling of regret",
          "label": "",
          "count": 283
        },
        {
          "word": "致歉",
          "traditional": "致歉",
          "pinyin": "zhi4 qian4",
          "meaning": "to express an apology or regret",
          "label": "Formal",
          "count": 139
        },
        {
          "word": "歉疚",
          "traditional": "歉疚",
          "pinyin": "qian4 jiu4",
          "meaning": "remorseful; feeling guilty",
          "label": "",
          "count": 32
        },
        {
          "word": "歉收",
          "traditional": "歉收",
          "pinyin": "qian4 shou1",
          "meaning": "poor harvest; crop failure",
          "label": "",
          "count": 13
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "莫",
      "rank": 814,
      "pinyin": "mo4",
      "meaning": "do not; none",
      "usage": "Mostly found in set expressions, names, and formal writing. As an independent word meaning ‘do not’, 莫 sounds literary; everyday speech usually uses 别 or 不要.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "莫名其妙",
          "traditional": "莫名其妙",
          "pinyin": "mo4 ming2 qi2 miao4",
          "meaning": "baffling; inexplicable",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 550
        },
        {
          "word": "莫非",
          "traditional": "莫非",
          "pinyin": "mo4 fei1",
          "meaning": "could it be that…?",
          "label": "",
          "count": 435
        },
        {
          "word": "莫大",
          "traditional": "莫大",
          "pinyin": "mo4 da4",
          "meaning": "extremely great; very great",
          "label": "",
          "count": 220
        },
        {
          "word": "莫名",
          "traditional": "莫名",
          "pinyin": "mo4 ming2",
          "meaning": "inexplicable; indescribable",
          "label": "",
          "count": 189
        },
        {
          "word": "爱莫能助",
          "traditional": "愛莫能助",
          "pinyin": "ai4 mo4 neng2 zhu4",
          "meaning": "unable to help, however much one would like to",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 99
        },
        {
          "word": "莫过于",
          "traditional": "莫過於",
          "pinyin": "mo4 guo4 yu2",
          "meaning": "nothing surpasses…",
          "label": "",
          "count": 93
        },
        {
          "word": "莫须有",
          "traditional": "莫須有",
          "pinyin": "mo4 xu1 you3",
          "meaning": "groundless; baseless",
          "label": "",
          "count": 72
        },
        {
          "word": "后悔莫及",
          "traditional": "後悔莫及",
          "pinyin": "hou4 hui3 mo4 ji2",
          "meaning": "too late for regrets",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 49
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "辛",
      "rank": 997,
      "pinyin": "xin1",
      "meaning": "hardship; pungent",
      "usage": "Usually a component of words about effort or hardship, rather than a word used alone in conversation. It also appears as a surname and as the eighth Heavenly Stem in the traditional calendar.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "辛苦",
          "traditional": "辛苦",
          "pinyin": "xin1 ku3",
          "meaning": "hard; exhausting; to work hard",
          "label": "",
          "count": 5661
        },
        {
          "word": "艰辛",
          "traditional": "艱辛",
          "pinyin": "jian1 xin1",
          "meaning": "arduous; hardships",
          "label": "",
          "count": 281
        },
        {
          "word": "辛辛苦苦",
          "traditional": "辛辛苦苦",
          "pinyin": "xin1 xin1 ku3 ku3",
          "meaning": "painstakingly; with great effort",
          "label": "",
          "count": 165
        },
        {
          "word": "辛劳",
          "traditional": "辛勞",
          "pinyin": "xin1 lao2",
          "meaning": "toil; laborious effort",
          "label": "",
          "count": 106
        },
        {
          "word": "千辛万苦",
          "traditional": "千辛萬苦",
          "pinyin": "qian1 xin1 wan4 ku3",
          "meaning": "all kinds of hardships",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 90
        },
        {
          "word": "辛勤",
          "traditional": "辛勤",
          "pinyin": "xin1 qin2",
          "meaning": "hardworking; industrious",
          "label": "",
          "count": 88
        },
        {
          "word": "辛辣",
          "traditional": "辛辣",
          "pinyin": "xin1 la4",
          "meaning": "hot and pungent; biting or sharp",
          "label": "",
          "count": 65
        },
        {
          "word": "辛酸",
          "traditional": "辛酸",
          "pinyin": "xin1 suan1",
          "meaning": "bitter; painful; full of hardship",
          "label": "",
          "count": 46
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "琳",
      "rank": 1123,
      "pinyin": "lin2",
      "meaning": "beautiful jade; gem",
      "usage": "Most often encountered in given names and transliterated names, rather than as an everyday word for a gem. There are few common ordinary words containing 琳; the useful set expression is 琳琅满目.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "凯瑟琳",
          "traditional": "凱瑟琳",
          "pinyin": "Kai3 se4 lin2",
          "meaning": "Catherine; Katherine",
          "label": "Name",
          "count": 1176
        },
        {
          "word": "罗琳",
          "traditional": "羅琳",
          "pinyin": "Luo2 lin2",
          "meaning": "Rowling",
          "label": "Name",
          "count": 110
        },
        {
          "word": "杰奎琳",
          "traditional": "傑奎琳",
          "pinyin": "Jie2 kui2 lin2",
          "meaning": "Jacqueline",
          "label": "Name",
          "count": 86
        },
        {
          "word": "琳琅满目",
          "traditional": "琳瑯滿目",
          "pinyin": "lin2 lang2 man3 mu4",
          "meaning": "a dazzling array; a feast for the eyes",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 14
        },
        {
          "word": "琳琅",
          "traditional": "琳瑯",
          "pinyin": "lin2 lang2",
          "meaning": "glittering jewels",
          "label": "Literary",
          "count": 2
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "幻",
      "rank": 1249,
      "pinyin": "huan4",
      "meaning": "illusion; fantasy",
      "usage": "Usually appears in compounds about imagined, dreamlike, or unreal things. Learn it through words such as 幻想 and 幻觉 rather than treating it as a common standalone word.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "幻想",
          "traditional": "幻想",
          "pinyin": "huan4 xiang3",
          "meaning": "to fantasize; fantasy",
          "label": "",
          "count": 2559
        },
        {
          "word": "幻觉",
          "traditional": "幻覺",
          "pinyin": "huan4 jue2",
          "meaning": "hallucination; illusion",
          "label": "",
          "count": 1281
        },
        {
          "word": "梦幻",
          "traditional": "夢幻",
          "pinyin": "meng4 huan4",
          "meaning": "dreamlike fantasy; illusion",
          "label": "",
          "count": 536
        },
        {
          "word": "幻象",
          "traditional": "幻象",
          "pinyin": "huan4 xiang4",
          "meaning": "an illusion",
          "label": "",
          "count": 402
        },
        {
          "word": "幻影",
          "traditional": "幻影",
          "pinyin": "huan4 ying3",
          "meaning": "phantom; mirage",
          "label": "",
          "count": 336
        },
        {
          "word": "虚幻",
          "traditional": "虛幻",
          "pinyin": "xu1 huan4",
          "meaning": "imaginary; illusory",
          "label": "",
          "count": 216
        },
        {
          "word": "科幻",
          "traditional": "科幻",
          "pinyin": "ke1 huan4",
          "meaning": "science fiction",
          "label": "",
          "count": 215
        },
        {
          "word": "奇幻",
          "traditional": "奇幻",
          "pinyin": "qi2 huan4",
          "meaning": "fantasy fiction",
          "label": "",
          "count": 206
        },
        {
          "word": "魔幻",
          "traditional": "魔幻",
          "pinyin": "mo2 huan4",
          "meaning": "magical; fantastical",
          "label": "",
          "count": 161
        },
        {
          "word": "幻灯片",
          "traditional": "幻燈片",
          "pinyin": "huan4 deng1 pian4",
          "meaning": "presentation slide; photographic slide",
          "label": "",
          "count": 124
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "胁",
      "rank": 1381,
      "pinyin": "xie2",
      "meaning": "to threaten or coerce; flank",
      "usage": "Rarely used alone in everyday speech. 威胁 is the main word to learn first; the other coercion words are more formal. The anatomical sense ‘flank’ appears in specialized writing.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "威胁",
          "traditional": "威脅",
          "pinyin": "wei1 xie2",
          "meaning": "to threaten; a threat",
          "label": "",
          "count": 6359
        },
        {
          "word": "胁迫",
          "traditional": "脅迫",
          "pinyin": "xie2 po4",
          "meaning": "to coerce; to compel",
          "label": "",
          "count": 173
        },
        {
          "word": "胁持",
          "traditional": "脅持",
          "pinyin": "xie2 chi2",
          "meaning": "to hold someone under duress",
          "label": "",
          "count": 63
        },
        {
          "word": "裹胁",
          "traditional": "裹脅",
          "pinyin": "guo3 xie2",
          "meaning": "to coerce; to drag someone into something",
          "label": "Formal",
          "count": 2
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "愉",
      "rank": 1420,
      "pinyin": "yu2",
      "meaning": "pleased; happy",
      "usage": "Normally used inside compounds, especially 愉快. 愉 is not the usual standalone adjective for ‘happy’; these three words cover its main everyday and written uses.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "愉快",
          "traditional": "愉快",
          "pinyin": "yu2 kuai4",
          "meaning": "happy; pleasant; cheerful",
          "label": "",
          "count": 5057
        },
        {
          "word": "愉悦",
          "traditional": "愉悅",
          "pinyin": "yu2 yue4",
          "meaning": "joy; delighted",
          "label": "",
          "count": 333
        },
        {
          "word": "欢愉",
          "traditional": "歡愉",
          "pinyin": "huan1 yu2",
          "meaning": "joyous; happiness",
          "label": "Written",
          "count": 136
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "丑",
      "rank": 1431,
      "pinyin": "chou3",
      "meaning": "ugly; clown",
      "usage": "Commonly used alone as an adjective: 很丑 means ‘very ugly’. In simplified Chinese, 丑 covers both ‘ugly’ (traditional 醜) and the clown role (traditional 丑). It also names the second Earthly Branch.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "小丑",
          "traditional": "小丑",
          "pinyin": "xiao3 chou3",
          "meaning": "clown",
          "label": "",
          "count": 1589
        },
        {
          "word": "丑陋",
          "traditional": "醜陋",
          "pinyin": "chou3 lou4",
          "meaning": "ugly",
          "label": "",
          "count": 907
        },
        {
          "word": "丑闻",
          "traditional": "醜聞",
          "pinyin": "chou3 wen2",
          "meaning": "scandal",
          "label": "",
          "count": 658
        },
        {
          "word": "出丑",
          "traditional": "出醜",
          "pinyin": "chu1 chou3",
          "meaning": "to make a fool of oneself",
          "label": "",
          "count": 235
        },
        {
          "word": "丑八怪",
          "traditional": "醜八怪",
          "pinyin": "chou3 ba1 guai4",
          "meaning": "an ugly person",
          "label": "Insult",
          "count": 212
        },
        {
          "word": "丑恶",
          "traditional": "醜惡",
          "pinyin": "chou3 e4",
          "meaning": "ugly; repulsive",
          "label": "",
          "count": 199
        },
        {
          "word": "丑事",
          "traditional": "醜事",
          "pinyin": "chou3 shi4",
          "meaning": "a disgraceful affair; scandal",
          "label": "",
          "count": 130
        },
        {
          "word": "家丑",
          "traditional": "家醜",
          "pinyin": "jia1 chou3",
          "meaning": "family scandal",
          "label": "",
          "count": 40
        },
        {
          "word": "献丑",
          "traditional": "獻醜",
          "pinyin": "xian4 chou3",
          "meaning": "to show one's modest skills",
          "label": "Self-deprecating",
          "count": 37
        },
        {
          "word": "丑小鸭",
          "traditional": "醜小鴨",
          "pinyin": "chou3 xiao3 ya1",
          "meaning": "ugly duckling",
          "label": "",
          "count": 36
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "葛",
      "rank": 1548,
      "pinyin": "ge2 / Ge3",
      "meaning": "kudzu vine; the surname Ge",
      "usage": "Read gé for the plant and in words about entanglement; read Gě as a surname and in 诸葛. The plant name can stand alone, but compounds and names are more useful starting points for everyday recognition.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "瓜葛",
          "traditional": "瓜葛",
          "pinyin": "gua1 ge2",
          "meaning": "connection; involvement",
          "label": "",
          "count": 208
        },
        {
          "word": "诸葛",
          "traditional": "諸葛",
          "pinyin": "Zhu1 ge3",
          "meaning": "Zhuge, a two-character surname",
          "label": "Name",
          "count": 100
        },
        {
          "word": "纠葛",
          "traditional": "糾葛",
          "pinyin": "jiu1 ge2",
          "meaning": "entanglement; dispute",
          "label": "",
          "count": 64
        },
        {
          "word": "诸葛亮",
          "traditional": "諸葛亮",
          "pinyin": "Zhu1 ge3 Liang4",
          "meaning": "Zhuge Liang; figuratively, a mastermind",
          "label": "Name",
          "count": 16
        },
        {
          "word": "事后诸葛亮",
          "traditional": "事後諸葛亮",
          "pinyin": "shi4 hou4 Zhu1 ge3 Liang4",
          "meaning": "someone wise only after the event",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 11
        },
        {
          "word": "葛藤",
          "traditional": "葛藤",
          "pinyin": "ge2 teng2",
          "meaning": "tangled vines; complications",
          "label": "",
          "count": 6
        },
        {
          "word": "葛根",
          "traditional": "葛根",
          "pinyin": "ge2 gen1",
          "meaning": "kudzu root",
          "label": "",
          "count": 3
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "闲",
      "rank": 1578,
      "pinyin": "xian2",
      "meaning": "free; idle; leisure",
      "usage": "Can stand alone as an adjective: 今天很闲 means ‘I’m not busy today’. It is also common in compounds about spare time, casual conversation, or other people’s business.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "多管闲事",
          "traditional": "多管閒事",
          "pinyin": "duo1 guan3 xian2 shi4",
          "meaning": "to meddle in other people's business",
          "label": "",
          "count": 471
        },
        {
          "word": "闲逛",
          "traditional": "閑逛",
          "pinyin": "xian2 guang4",
          "meaning": "to stroll; to wander around",
          "label": "",
          "count": 390
        },
        {
          "word": "闲聊",
          "traditional": "閒聊",
          "pinyin": "xian2 liao2",
          "meaning": "to chat casually",
          "label": "",
          "count": 375
        },
        {
          "word": "休闲",
          "traditional": "休閒",
          "pinyin": "xiu1 xian2",
          "meaning": "leisure; relaxation",
          "label": "",
          "count": 290
        },
        {
          "word": "空闲",
          "traditional": "空閒",
          "pinyin": "kong4 xian2",
          "meaning": "spare time; free; unoccupied",
          "label": "",
          "count": 265
        },
        {
          "word": "悠闲",
          "traditional": "悠閒",
          "pinyin": "you1 xian2",
          "meaning": "leisurely; relaxed",
          "label": "",
          "count": 165
        },
        {
          "word": "管闲事",
          "traditional": "管閒事",
          "pinyin": "guan3 xian2 shi4",
          "meaning": "to meddle",
          "label": "",
          "count": 161
        },
        {
          "word": "少管闲事",
          "traditional": "少管閒事",
          "pinyin": "shao3 guan3 xian2 shi4",
          "meaning": "mind your own business!",
          "label": "",
          "count": 160
        },
        {
          "word": "闲话",
          "traditional": "閒話",
          "pinyin": "xian2 hua4",
          "meaning": "chitchat; gossip",
          "label": "",
          "count": 152
        },
        {
          "word": "闲事",
          "traditional": "閒事",
          "pinyin": "xian2 shi4",
          "meaning": "other people's business",
          "label": "",
          "count": 132
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "贱",
      "rank": 1606,
      "pinyin": "jian4",
      "meaning": "cheap; lowly; contemptible",
      "usage": "Can describe something as cheap or a person as contemptible, but many words containing 贱 are insults. Learn neutral price-related uses such as 贱卖 separately from abusive expressions. It also occurs as a self-deprecating component in older polite language.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "贱人",
          "traditional": "賤人",
          "pinyin": "jian4 ren2",
          "meaning": "a contemptible person; an abusive insult",
          "label": "Insult",
          "count": 2388
        },
        {
          "word": "下贱",
          "traditional": "下賤",
          "pinyin": "xia4 jian4",
          "meaning": "lowly; contemptible; depraved",
          "label": "Derogatory",
          "count": 188
        },
        {
          "word": "低贱",
          "traditional": "低賤",
          "pinyin": "di1 jian4",
          "meaning": "low in status; cheap",
          "label": "",
          "count": 166
        },
        {
          "word": "卑贱",
          "traditional": "卑賤",
          "pinyin": "bei1 jian4",
          "meaning": "lowly; of humble status",
          "label": "",
          "count": 85
        },
        {
          "word": "贱卖",
          "traditional": "賤賣",
          "pinyin": "jian4 mai4",
          "meaning": "to sell very cheaply; to sell at a sacrifice",
          "label": "",
          "count": 41
        },
        {
          "word": "贫贱",
          "traditional": "貧賤",
          "pinyin": "pin2 jian4",
          "meaning": "poor and of low social status",
          "label": "",
          "count": 23
        },
        {
          "word": "嘴贱",
          "traditional": "嘴賤",
          "pinyin": "zui3 jian4",
          "meaning": "prone to offensive or inappropriate remarks",
          "label": "Colloquial",
          "count": 15
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "嘉",
      "rank": 1613,
      "pinyin": "jia1",
      "meaning": "excellent; auspicious; to praise",
      "usage": "Usually a component of words of praise and of personal or place names. Used alone as a verb meaning ‘commend’, 嘉 sounds formal or literary; learn 嘉宾 and 嘉奖 first.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "嘉宾",
          "traditional": "嘉賓",
          "pinyin": "jia1 bin1",
          "meaning": "honored guest; guest on a show",
          "label": "",
          "count": 523
        },
        {
          "word": "嘉年华",
          "traditional": "嘉年華",
          "pinyin": "jia1 nian2 hua2",
          "meaning": "carnival",
          "label": "",
          "count": 147
        },
        {
          "word": "嘉奖",
          "traditional": "嘉獎",
          "pinyin": "jia1 jiang3",
          "meaning": "to commend or award; commendation",
          "label": "",
          "count": 140
        },
        {
          "word": "勇气可嘉",
          "traditional": "勇氣可嘉",
          "pinyin": "yong3 qi4 ke3 jia1",
          "meaning": "deserving praise for one's courage",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 59
        },
        {
          "word": "可嘉",
          "traditional": "可嘉",
          "pinyin": "ke3 jia1",
          "meaning": "praiseworthy; commendable",
          "label": "",
          "count": 23
        },
        {
          "word": "嘉许",
          "traditional": "嘉許",
          "pinyin": "jia1 xu3",
          "meaning": "to praise; to commend",
          "label": "Formal",
          "count": 15
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "佑",
      "rank": 1632,
      "pinyin": "you4",
      "meaning": "to bless; to protect",
      "usage": "A bound component, usually learned through 保佑. It also appears in personal names. The other words here are less frequent and often carry a religious or formal tone.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "保佑",
          "traditional": "保佑",
          "pinyin": "bao3 you4",
          "meaning": "to bless and protect",
          "label": "",
          "count": 2083
        },
        {
          "word": "庇佑",
          "traditional": "庇佑",
          "pinyin": "bi4 you4",
          "meaning": "to bless; divine protection",
          "label": "",
          "count": 188
        },
        {
          "word": "护佑",
          "traditional": "護佑",
          "pinyin": "hu4 you4",
          "meaning": "to protect; to bless",
          "label": "Formal",
          "count": 30
        },
        {
          "word": "佑护",
          "traditional": "佑護",
          "pinyin": "you4 hu4",
          "meaning": "blessing; protection",
          "label": "Formal",
          "count": 6
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "撑",
      "rank": 1645,
      "pinyin": "cheng1",
      "meaning": "to support; to hold out",
      "usage": "Often used as a verb by itself: 撑不住 means ‘cannot hold out’, and 撑着 means ‘keep holding it up / keep going’. It can also mean overfull after eating, as in 吃撑了.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "支撑",
          "traditional": "支撐",
          "pinyin": "zhi1 cheng1",
          "meaning": "to support; to prop up",
          "label": "",
          "count": 628
        },
        {
          "word": "俯卧撑",
          "traditional": "俯臥撐",
          "pinyin": "fu3 wo4 cheng1",
          "meaning": "push-up (exercise)",
          "label": "",
          "count": 134
        },
        {
          "word": "撑腰",
          "traditional": "撐腰",
          "pinyin": "cheng1 yao1",
          "meaning": "to back someone up",
          "label": "",
          "count": 95
        },
        {
          "word": "硬撑",
          "traditional": "硬撐",
          "pinyin": "ying4 cheng1",
          "meaning": "to force oneself to keep going",
          "label": "",
          "count": 53
        },
        {
          "word": "撑开",
          "traditional": "撐開",
          "pinyin": "cheng1 kai1",
          "meaning": "to spread or prop open",
          "label": "",
          "count": 44
        },
        {
          "word": "撑死",
          "traditional": "撐死",
          "pinyin": "cheng1 si3",
          "meaning": "full to bursting; at most",
          "label": "Colloquial",
          "count": 38
        },
        {
          "word": "撑破",
          "traditional": "撐破",
          "pinyin": "cheng1 po4",
          "meaning": "to burst from being stretched or overfilled",
          "label": "",
          "count": 33
        },
        {
          "word": "撑船",
          "traditional": "撐船",
          "pinyin": "cheng1 chuan2",
          "meaning": "to pole a boat",
          "label": "",
          "count": 29
        },
        {
          "word": "撑伞",
          "traditional": "撐傘",
          "pinyin": "cheng1 san3",
          "meaning": "to hold up an umbrella",
          "label": "",
          "count": 11
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "筑",
      "rank": 1662,
      "pinyin": "zhu4",
      "meaning": "to build; to construct",
      "usage": "Most often appears in construction words such as 建筑 and 修筑; the traditional form for this meaning is 築. A single-character verb 筑 also occurs in written phrases about building. The separate ancient instrument name and the short name for Guiyang use the same simplified character, but are not the main meaning in these words.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "建筑",
          "traditional": "建築",
          "pinyin": "jian4 zhu4",
          "meaning": "to construct; building; architecture",
          "label": "",
          "count": 2340
        },
        {
          "word": "建筑物",
          "traditional": "建築物",
          "pinyin": "jian4 zhu4 wu4",
          "meaning": "building; structure",
          "label": "",
          "count": 639
        },
        {
          "word": "建筑师",
          "traditional": "建築師",
          "pinyin": "jian4 zhu4 shi1",
          "meaning": "architect",
          "label": "",
          "count": 450
        },
        {
          "word": "筑巢",
          "traditional": "築巢",
          "pinyin": "zhu4 chao2",
          "meaning": "to build a nest",
          "label": "",
          "count": 147
        },
        {
          "word": "构筑",
          "traditional": "構築",
          "pinyin": "gou4 zhu4",
          "meaning": "to build; to construct",
          "label": "",
          "count": 53
        },
        {
          "word": "修筑",
          "traditional": "修築",
          "pinyin": "xiu1 zhu4",
          "meaning": "to build or construct",
          "label": "",
          "count": 28
        },
        {
          "word": "浇筑",
          "traditional": "澆築",
          "pinyin": "jiao1 zhu4",
          "meaning": "to pour concrete or another building material",
          "label": "",
          "count": 15
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "晓",
      "rank": 1685,
      "pinyin": "xiao3",
      "meaning": "dawn; to know; to make known",
      "usage": "Most often encountered in compounds, with two useful families: knowing or announcing something, and the coming of dawn. 晓 by itself is mainly literary or a name component; 晓得 is an ordinary way to say ‘know’ in some varieties of speech.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "晓得",
          "traditional": "曉得",
          "pinyin": "xiao3 de5",
          "meaning": "to know",
          "label": "",
          "count": 1850
        },
        {
          "word": "知晓",
          "traditional": "知曉",
          "pinyin": "zhi1 xiao3",
          "meaning": "to know; to understand",
          "label": "",
          "count": 505
        },
        {
          "word": "揭晓",
          "traditional": "揭曉",
          "pinyin": "jie1 xiao3",
          "meaning": "to announce; to reveal the result",
          "label": "",
          "count": 329
        },
        {
          "word": "天晓得",
          "traditional": "天曉得",
          "pinyin": "tian1 xiao3 de5",
          "meaning": "heaven knows!; who knows!",
          "label": "",
          "count": 206
        },
        {
          "word": "破晓",
          "traditional": "破曉",
          "pinyin": "po4 xiao3",
          "meaning": "daybreak; dawn",
          "label": "",
          "count": 178
        },
        {
          "word": "家喻户晓",
          "traditional": "家喻戶曉",
          "pinyin": "jia1 yu4 hu4 xiao3",
          "meaning": "known to everyone; a household name",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 83
        },
        {
          "word": "拂晓",
          "traditional": "拂曉",
          "pinyin": "fu2 xiao3",
          "meaning": "the approach of dawn",
          "label": "",
          "count": 79
        },
        {
          "word": "通晓",
          "traditional": "通曉",
          "pinyin": "tong1 xiao3",
          "meaning": "to understand thoroughly; to be proficient in",
          "label": "",
          "count": 40
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "薇",
      "rank": 1687,
      "pinyin": "wei1",
      "meaning": "a plant-name and given-name component",
      "usage": "Mostly encountered in plant names or people's names rather than as an everyday word on its own. 蔷薇 names a rose, 紫薇 names crape myrtle, and the single-character dictionary entry refers to a fern. Do not assume every word containing 薇 names the same plant.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "薇薇安",
          "traditional": "薇薇安",
          "pinyin": "Wei1 wei1 an1",
          "meaning": "Vivian; Vivienne",
          "label": "Name",
          "count": 444
        },
        {
          "word": "蔷薇",
          "traditional": "薔薇",
          "pinyin": "qiang2 wei1",
          "meaning": "a rose; Rosa multiflora",
          "label": "Plant",
          "count": 131
        },
        {
          "word": "紫薇",
          "traditional": "紫薇",
          "pinyin": "zi3 wei1",
          "meaning": "crape myrtle",
          "label": "Plant",
          "count": 9
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "誉",
      "rank": 1691,
      "pinyin": "yu4",
      "meaning": "reputation; to praise",
      "usage": "Usually found in compounds about reputation, honor, or praise. 荣誉 is honor or glory, while 信誉 emphasizes a reputation for trustworthiness. 誉 alone sounds more formal or literary than the complete everyday words.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "荣誉",
          "traditional": "榮譽",
          "pinyin": "rong2 yu4",
          "meaning": "honor; glory; honorary",
          "label": "",
          "count": 2070
        },
        {
          "word": "名誉",
          "traditional": "名譽",
          "pinyin": "ming2 yu4",
          "meaning": "reputation; honor; honorary",
          "label": "",
          "count": 660
        },
        {
          "word": "声誉",
          "traditional": "聲譽",
          "pinyin": "sheng1 yu4",
          "meaning": "reputation; fame",
          "label": "",
          "count": 414
        },
        {
          "word": "信誉",
          "traditional": "信譽",
          "pinyin": "xin4 yu4",
          "meaning": "reputation for trustworthiness; credibility",
          "label": "",
          "count": 185
        },
        {
          "word": "赞誉",
          "traditional": "讚譽",
          "pinyin": "zan4 yu4",
          "meaning": "to praise; acclaim",
          "label": "",
          "count": 61
        },
        {
          "word": "享誉",
          "traditional": "享譽",
          "pinyin": "xiang3 yu4",
          "meaning": "to be renowned",
          "label": "",
          "count": 46
        },
        {
          "word": "美誉",
          "traditional": "美譽",
          "pinyin": "mei3 yu4",
          "meaning": "a good reputation",
          "label": "",
          "count": 26
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "矩",
      "rank": 1695,
      "pinyin": "ju3",
      "meaning": "square; rule; standard",
      "usage": "Mostly found inside compounds. In 规矩, the second syllable is normally neutral-tone ju; in words such as 矩形 it is third-tone jǔ. Everyday ‘rules’ is a more useful starting point than the old tool meaning.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "规矩",
          "traditional": "規矩",
          "pinyin": "gui1 ju5",
          "meaning": "rules; well-behaved",
          "label": "",
          "count": 3022
        },
        {
          "word": "守规矩",
          "traditional": "守規矩",
          "pinyin": "shou3 gui1 ju5",
          "meaning": "to obey the rules; to behave oneself",
          "label": "",
          "count": 226
        },
        {
          "word": "循规蹈矩",
          "traditional": "循規蹈矩",
          "pinyin": "xun2 gui1 dao3 ju3",
          "meaning": "to follow conventions closely",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 135
        },
        {
          "word": "矩阵",
          "traditional": "矩陣",
          "pinyin": "ju3 zhen4",
          "meaning": "matrix",
          "label": "Mathematics",
          "count": 75
        },
        {
          "word": "中规中矩",
          "traditional": "中規中矩",
          "pinyin": "zhong4 gui1 zhong4 ju3",
          "meaning": "conventional; meeting the expected standard",
          "label": "",
          "count": 32
        },
        {
          "word": "扭矩",
          "traditional": "扭矩",
          "pinyin": "niu3 ju3",
          "meaning": "torque",
          "label": "Technical",
          "count": 18
        },
        {
          "word": "矩形",
          "traditional": "矩形",
          "pinyin": "ju3 xing2",
          "meaning": "rectangle",
          "label": "",
          "count": 8
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "慈",
      "rank": 1697,
      "pinyin": "ci2",
      "meaning": "kind; compassionate",
      "usage": "Usually a component of words about kindness, charity, and mercy. As a standalone adjective it sounds more literary; everyday speech generally uses a compound such as 仁慈 or 慈祥.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "仁慈",
          "traditional": "仁慈",
          "pinyin": "ren2 ci2",
          "meaning": "kind; merciful",
          "label": "",
          "count": 1296
        },
        {
          "word": "慈善",
          "traditional": "慈善",
          "pinyin": "ci2 shan4",
          "meaning": "charity; charitable",
          "label": "",
          "count": 895
        },
        {
          "word": "慈悲",
          "traditional": "慈悲",
          "pinyin": "ci2 bei1",
          "meaning": "mercy; compassion",
          "label": "",
          "count": 408
        },
        {
          "word": "慈善机构",
          "traditional": "慈善機構",
          "pinyin": "ci2 shan4 ji1 gou4",
          "meaning": "charitable organization",
          "label": "",
          "count": 224
        },
        {
          "word": "慈爱",
          "traditional": "慈愛",
          "pinyin": "ci2 ai4",
          "meaning": "affectionate love, especially toward children",
          "label": "",
          "count": 172
        },
        {
          "word": "慈善家",
          "traditional": "慈善家",
          "pinyin": "ci2 shan4 jia1",
          "meaning": "philanthropist",
          "label": "",
          "count": 129
        },
        {
          "word": "慈祥",
          "traditional": "慈祥",
          "pinyin": "ci2 xiang2",
          "meaning": "kindly; benevolent, often of an older person",
          "label": "",
          "count": 90
        },
        {
          "word": "大发慈悲",
          "traditional": "大發慈悲",
          "pinyin": "da4 fa1 ci2 bei1",
          "meaning": "to show mercy",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 66
        },
        {
          "word": "慈母",
          "traditional": "慈母",
          "pinyin": "ci2 mu3",
          "meaning": "a loving mother",
          "label": "",
          "count": 57
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "惩",
      "rank": 1738,
      "pinyin": "cheng2",
      "meaning": "to punish; to reprimand",
      "usage": "Normally used in compounds. 惩罚 is the useful general word for punishment; 惩戒 emphasizes disciplinary correction. Read chéng, not chěng, in these words.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "惩罚",
          "traditional": "懲罰",
          "pinyin": "cheng2 fa2",
          "meaning": "to punish; punishment",
          "label": "",
          "count": 3285
        },
        {
          "word": "惩戒",
          "traditional": "懲戒",
          "pinyin": "cheng2 jie4",
          "meaning": "to discipline; to reprimand",
          "label": "",
          "count": 132
        },
        {
          "word": "严惩",
          "traditional": "嚴懲",
          "pinyin": "yan2 cheng2",
          "meaning": "to punish severely",
          "label": "",
          "count": 91
        },
        {
          "word": "惩治",
          "traditional": "懲治",
          "pinyin": "cheng2 zhi4",
          "meaning": "to punish; to take punitive action",
          "label": "",
          "count": 48
        },
        {
          "word": "惩处",
          "traditional": "懲處",
          "pinyin": "cheng2 chu3",
          "meaning": "to impose punishment",
          "label": "",
          "count": 45
        },
        {
          "word": "惩罚性",
          "traditional": "懲罰性",
          "pinyin": "cheng2 fa2 xing4",
          "meaning": "punitive",
          "label": "",
          "count": 22
        },
        {
          "word": "惩恶扬善",
          "traditional": "懲惡揚善",
          "pinyin": "cheng2 e4 yang2 shan4",
          "meaning": "to condemn evil and uphold virtue",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 13
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "腔",
      "rank": 1748,
      "pinyin": "qiang1",
      "meaning": "cavity; accent; tone or manner of speech",
      "usage": "Usually a component of a word. One group names spaces inside the body, such as 口腔; another concerns a voice, accent or affected manner, such as 腔调. 满腔 describes being full of an emotion. 娘娘腔 is a derogatory expression, unlike the neutral anatomical terms.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "娘娘腔",
          "traditional": "娘娘腔",
          "pinyin": "niang2 niang5 qiang1",
          "meaning": "an effeminate manner; a derisive label for an effeminate man",
          "label": "Derogatory",
          "count": 683
        },
        {
          "word": "胸腔",
          "traditional": "胸腔",
          "pinyin": "xiong1 qiang1",
          "meaning": "chest cavity; thoracic cavity",
          "label": "",
          "count": 181
        },
        {
          "word": "装腔作势",
          "traditional": "裝腔作勢",
          "pinyin": "zhuang1 qiang1 zuo4 shi4",
          "meaning": "to put on airs; to posture",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 168
        },
        {
          "word": "口腔",
          "traditional": "口腔",
          "pinyin": "kou3 qiang1",
          "meaning": "oral cavity; the inside of the mouth",
          "label": "",
          "count": 117
        },
        {
          "word": "腔调",
          "traditional": "腔調",
          "pinyin": "qiang1 diao4",
          "meaning": "accent; tone or manner of speaking; tune",
          "label": "",
          "count": 81
        },
        {
          "word": "满腔",
          "traditional": "滿腔",
          "pinyin": "man3 qiang1",
          "meaning": "full of an emotion or feeling",
          "label": "",
          "count": 65
        },
        {
          "word": "腹腔",
          "traditional": "腹腔",
          "pinyin": "fu4 qiang1",
          "meaning": "abdominal cavity",
          "label": "",
          "count": 63
        },
        {
          "word": "唱腔",
          "traditional": "唱腔",
          "pinyin": "chang4 qiang1",
          "meaning": "vocal style or melody in opera",
          "label": "",
          "count": 16
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "陌",
      "rank": 1770,
      "pinyin": "mo4",
      "meaning": "unfamiliar; a path or street in older usage",
      "usage": "In modern everyday language, learn 陌 through 陌生 and 陌生人: ‘unfamiliar’ and ‘stranger’. It is not normally used alone with that meaning. The dictionary's literal sense of a raised path or street is mainly relevant to older or literary uses; it does not explain the usual conversational meaning by itself.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "陌生人",
          "traditional": "陌生人",
          "pinyin": "mo4 sheng1 ren2",
          "meaning": "stranger; someone one does not know",
          "label": "",
          "count": 2661
        },
        {
          "word": "陌生",
          "traditional": "陌生",
          "pinyin": "mo4 sheng1",
          "meaning": "unfamiliar; not known to someone",
          "label": "",
          "count": 1083
        },
        {
          "word": "形同陌路",
          "traditional": "形同陌路",
          "pinyin": "xing2 tong2 mo4 lu4",
          "meaning": "to be estranged; to act like strangers",
          "label": "",
          "count": 30
        },
        {
          "word": "陌路",
          "traditional": "陌路",
          "pinyin": "mo4 lu4",
          "meaning": "a stranger; someone with no personal connection",
          "label": "Literary",
          "count": 17
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "妥",
      "rank": 1813,
      "pinyin": "tuo3",
      "meaning": "proper; settled; ready",
      "usage": "Can occur on its own in concise or formal speech, but is especially useful after a verb: 办妥 means ‘get it settled’ and 谈妥 means ‘reach an agreement’. Learn both that pattern and the common compounds.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "妥协",
          "traditional": "妥協",
          "pinyin": "tuo3 xie2",
          "meaning": "to compromise; a compromise",
          "label": "",
          "count": 808
        },
        {
          "word": "不妥",
          "traditional": "不妥",
          "pinyin": "bu4 tuo3",
          "meaning": "inappropriate; not right",
          "label": "",
          "count": 575
        },
        {
          "word": "妥当",
          "traditional": "妥當",
          "pinyin": "tuo3 dang5",
          "meaning": "proper; ready; in order",
          "label": "",
          "count": 413
        },
        {
          "word": "办妥",
          "traditional": "辦妥",
          "pinyin": "ban4 tuo3",
          "meaning": "to arrange or settle successfully",
          "label": "",
          "count": 268
        },
        {
          "word": "妥善",
          "traditional": "妥善",
          "pinyin": "tuo3 shan4",
          "meaning": "appropriate; properly handled",
          "label": "",
          "count": 162
        },
        {
          "word": "谈妥",
          "traditional": "談妥",
          "pinyin": "tan2 tuo3",
          "meaning": "to reach an agreement",
          "label": "",
          "count": 139
        },
        {
          "word": "稳妥",
          "traditional": "穩妥",
          "pinyin": "wen3 tuo3",
          "meaning": "reliable; safe and sound",
          "label": "",
          "count": 58
        },
        {
          "word": "备妥",
          "traditional": "備妥",
          "pinyin": "bei4 tuo3",
          "meaning": "to get ready",
          "label": "",
          "count": 17
        },
        {
          "word": "欠妥",
          "traditional": "欠妥",
          "pinyin": "qian4 tuo3",
          "meaning": "unsatisfactory; inappropriate",
          "label": "",
          "count": 11
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "腊",
      "rank": 1842,
      "pinyin": "la4",
      "meaning": "cured meat; the twelfth lunar month; a sound in names",
      "usage": "Usually encountered in compounds. 腊肉 and 腊肠 concern cured meat, while 腊月 is the twelfth lunar month. In 希腊, meaning Greece, 腊 supplies a sound and does not mean meat or a month. Là is the useful reading here; a separate historical xī reading refers to dried meat.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "希腊",
          "traditional": "希臘",
          "pinyin": "Xi1 la4",
          "meaning": "Greece",
          "label": "Place",
          "count": 1021
        },
        {
          "word": "腊肠",
          "traditional": "臘腸",
          "pinyin": "la4 chang2",
          "meaning": "sausage",
          "label": "",
          "count": 297
        },
        {
          "word": "古希腊",
          "traditional": "古希臘",
          "pinyin": "gu3 Xi1 la4",
          "meaning": "ancient Greece",
          "label": "Place",
          "count": 167
        },
        {
          "word": "希腊语",
          "traditional": "希臘語",
          "pinyin": "Xi1 la4 yu3",
          "meaning": "the Greek language",
          "label": "",
          "count": 135
        },
        {
          "word": "腊肉",
          "traditional": "臘肉",
          "pinyin": "la4 rou4",
          "meaning": "cured and air-dried meat",
          "label": "",
          "count": 30
        },
        {
          "word": "腊月",
          "traditional": "臘月",
          "pinyin": "La4 yue4",
          "meaning": "the twelfth lunar month",
          "label": "",
          "count": 25
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "俗",
      "rank": 1857,
      "pinyin": "su2",
      "meaning": "custom; vulgar; common",
      "usage": "Can stand alone meaning ‘tacky’ or ‘vulgar’: 太俗了 means ‘too tacky’. The ‘custom’ and ‘ordinary’ senses are especially common inside compounds, so the meaning depends on the word.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "粗俗",
          "traditional": "粗俗",
          "pinyin": "cu1 su2",
          "meaning": "vulgar; coarse",
          "label": "",
          "count": 308
        },
        {
          "word": "习俗",
          "traditional": "習俗",
          "pinyin": "xi2 su2",
          "meaning": "custom; tradition",
          "label": "",
          "count": 288
        },
        {
          "word": "世俗",
          "traditional": "世俗",
          "pinyin": "shi4 su2",
          "meaning": "secular; worldly",
          "label": "",
          "count": 236
        },
        {
          "word": "低俗",
          "traditional": "低俗",
          "pinyin": "di1 su2",
          "meaning": "vulgar; in poor taste",
          "label": "",
          "count": 179
        },
        {
          "word": "俗气",
          "traditional": "俗氣",
          "pinyin": "su2 qi4",
          "meaning": "tacky; vulgar",
          "label": "",
          "count": 179
        },
        {
          "word": "风俗",
          "traditional": "風俗",
          "pinyin": "feng1 su2",
          "meaning": "social customs",
          "label": "",
          "count": 172
        },
        {
          "word": "愤世嫉俗",
          "traditional": "憤世嫉俗",
          "pinyin": "fen4 shi4 ji2 su2",
          "meaning": "cynical; bitter about society",
          "label": "",
          "count": 171
        },
        {
          "word": "俗话说",
          "traditional": "俗話說",
          "pinyin": "su2 hua4 shuo1",
          "meaning": "as the saying goes…",
          "label": "",
          "count": 152
        },
        {
          "word": "通俗",
          "traditional": "通俗",
          "pinyin": "tong1 su2",
          "meaning": "accessible; easy for ordinary people to understand",
          "label": "",
          "count": 65
        },
        {
          "word": "俗语",
          "traditional": "俗語",
          "pinyin": "su2 yu3",
          "meaning": "common saying; proverb",
          "label": "",
          "count": 63
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "藤",
      "rank": 1861,
      "pinyin": "teng2",
      "meaning": "vine; rattan; cane",
      "usage": "Can be used as a noun for a vine or cane, but compounds identify the plant or object more clearly. It also appears often in Japanese surnames. The word 藤蔓 is given as téng wàn here; the dictionary also notes Taiwan pronunciation téng màn.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "佐藤",
          "traditional": "佐藤",
          "pinyin": "Zuo3 teng2",
          "meaning": "Satō, a Japanese surname",
          "label": "Name; Mandarin reading",
          "count": 375
        },
        {
          "word": "常春藤",
          "traditional": "常春藤",
          "pinyin": "chang2 chun1 teng2",
          "meaning": "ivy",
          "label": "",
          "count": 94
        },
        {
          "word": "藤蔓",
          "traditional": "藤蔓",
          "pinyin": "teng2 wan4",
          "meaning": "a vine; a trailing or climbing stem",
          "label": "",
          "count": 93
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "捐",
      "rank": 1915,
      "pinyin": "juan1",
      "meaning": "to donate",
      "usage": "Commonly used as a verb with an object or recipient: 捐钱 means ‘donate money’. Compounds distinguish donating, fundraising, and the thing donated. The older ‘relinquish’ sense is less central in everyday use.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "捐赠",
          "traditional": "捐贈",
          "pinyin": "juan1 zeng4",
          "meaning": "to donate; donation",
          "label": "",
          "count": 455
        },
        {
          "word": "捐款",
          "traditional": "捐款",
          "pinyin": "juan1 kuan3",
          "meaning": "to donate money; a monetary donation",
          "label": "",
          "count": 343
        },
        {
          "word": "捐给",
          "traditional": "捐給",
          "pinyin": "juan1 gei3",
          "meaning": "to donate to…",
          "label": "",
          "count": 239
        },
        {
          "word": "捐献",
          "traditional": "捐獻",
          "pinyin": "juan1 xian4",
          "meaning": "to donate; to contribute",
          "label": "",
          "count": 160
        },
        {
          "word": "募捐",
          "traditional": "募捐",
          "pinyin": "mu4 juan1",
          "meaning": "to raise funds; to collect donations",
          "label": "",
          "count": 145
        },
        {
          "word": "捐助",
          "traditional": "捐助",
          "pinyin": "juan1 zhu4",
          "meaning": "to donate aid",
          "label": "",
          "count": 121
        },
        {
          "word": "捐赠者",
          "traditional": "捐贈者",
          "pinyin": "juan1 zeng4 zhe3",
          "meaning": "donor",
          "label": "",
          "count": 116
        },
        {
          "word": "捐血",
          "traditional": "捐血",
          "pinyin": "juan1 xue4",
          "meaning": "to donate blood",
          "label": "",
          "count": 53
        },
        {
          "word": "捐躯",
          "traditional": "捐軀",
          "pinyin": "juan1 qu1",
          "meaning": "to sacrifice one's life",
          "label": "Formal",
          "count": 28
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "御",
      "rank": 1994,
      "pinyin": "yu4",
      "meaning": "imperial; to defend",
      "usage": "Mostly used in compounds. Simplified 御 represents both imperial 御 and defensive 禦, so 防御 and 御医 belong to different meaning families. It is not a common standalone verb in everyday conversation.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "防御",
          "traditional": "防禦",
          "pinyin": "fang2 yu4",
          "meaning": "defense; to defend",
          "label": "",
          "count": 1108
        },
        {
          "word": "抵御",
          "traditional": "抵禦",
          "pinyin": "di3 yu4",
          "meaning": "to resist; to withstand",
          "label": "",
          "count": 231
        },
        {
          "word": "御用",
          "traditional": "御用",
          "pinyin": "yu4 yong4",
          "meaning": "for imperial use; serving those in power",
          "label": "",
          "count": 61
        },
        {
          "word": "防御工事",
          "traditional": "防禦工事",
          "pinyin": "fang2 yu4 gong1 shi4",
          "meaning": "fortification; defensive structure",
          "label": "",
          "count": 46
        },
        {
          "word": "御医",
          "traditional": "御醫",
          "pinyin": "yu4 yi1",
          "meaning": "imperial physician",
          "label": "Historical",
          "count": 33
        },
        {
          "word": "御寒",
          "traditional": "禦寒",
          "pinyin": "yu4 han2",
          "meaning": "to keep out the cold",
          "label": "",
          "count": 28
        },
        {
          "word": "防御性",
          "traditional": "防禦性",
          "pinyin": "fang2 yu4 xing4",
          "meaning": "defensive",
          "label": "",
          "count": 24
        },
        {
          "word": "御赐",
          "traditional": "御賜",
          "pinyin": "yu4 ci4",
          "meaning": "bestowed by the emperor",
          "label": "Historical",
          "count": 22
        },
        {
          "word": "御史",
          "traditional": "御史",
          "pinyin": "yu4 shi3",
          "meaning": "imperial censor",
          "label": "Historical",
          "count": 21
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "捷",
      "rank": 2005,
      "pinyin": "jie2",
      "meaning": "quick; victory",
      "usage": "Usually appears in compounds about speed or success, rather than standing alone. In 捷克, the character is part of the transliteration for ‘Czech’, not a description meaning ‘quick’.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "捷克",
          "traditional": "捷克",
          "pinyin": "Jie2 ke4",
          "meaning": "Czechia; Czech Republic",
          "label": "Place",
          "count": 429
        },
        {
          "word": "敏捷",
          "traditional": "敏捷",
          "pinyin": "min3 jie2",
          "meaning": "nimble; agile",
          "label": "",
          "count": 362
        },
        {
          "word": "捷径",
          "traditional": "捷徑",
          "pinyin": "jie2 jing4",
          "meaning": "shortcut",
          "label": "",
          "count": 330
        },
        {
          "word": "快捷",
          "traditional": "快捷",
          "pinyin": "kuai4 jie2",
          "meaning": "quick; fast",
          "label": "",
          "count": 82
        },
        {
          "word": "捷足先登",
          "traditional": "捷足先登",
          "pinyin": "jie2 zu2 xian1 deng1",
          "meaning": "to get there first; the early bird catches the worm",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 70
        },
        {
          "word": "捷克语",
          "traditional": "捷克語",
          "pinyin": "Jie2 ke4 yu3",
          "meaning": "the Czech language",
          "label": "",
          "count": 39
        },
        {
          "word": "捷运",
          "traditional": "捷運",
          "pinyin": "jie2 yun4",
          "meaning": "mass rapid transit; metro",
          "label": "Taiwan",
          "count": 36
        },
        {
          "word": "便捷",
          "traditional": "便捷",
          "pinyin": "bian4 jie2",
          "meaning": "convenient and fast",
          "label": "",
          "count": 34
        },
        {
          "word": "快捷方式",
          "traditional": "快捷方式",
          "pinyin": "kuai4 jie2 fang1 shi4",
          "meaning": "computer shortcut",
          "label": "",
          "count": 23
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "挨",
      "rank": 2009,
      "pinyin": "ai1 / ai2",
      "meaning": "to be next to; one after another; to suffer or endure",
      "usage": "The tone changes the meaning. Āi concerns closeness or sequence, as in 挨着 and 挨个. Ái means to suffer or endure something, as in 挨打 and 挨饿. It can function as a verb in a phrase, so learn both readings through their common combinations.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "挨饿",
          "traditional": "挨餓",
          "pinyin": "ai2 e4",
          "meaning": "to go hungry; to endure hunger",
          "label": "",
          "count": 417
        },
        {
          "word": "挨打",
          "traditional": "挨打",
          "pinyin": "ai2 da3",
          "meaning": "to take a beating; to come under attack",
          "label": "",
          "count": 307
        },
        {
          "word": "挨揍",
          "traditional": "挨揍",
          "pinyin": "ai2 zou4",
          "meaning": "to get beaten up",
          "label": "Colloquial",
          "count": 212
        },
        {
          "word": "挨着",
          "traditional": "挨著",
          "pinyin": "ai1 zhe5",
          "meaning": "next to; adjacent to",
          "label": "",
          "count": 210
        },
        {
          "word": "挨家挨户",
          "traditional": "挨家挨戶",
          "pinyin": "ai1 jia1 ai1 hu4",
          "meaning": "from house to house; door to door",
          "label": "",
          "count": 107
        },
        {
          "word": "挨骂",
          "traditional": "挨罵",
          "pinyin": "ai2 ma4",
          "meaning": "to be scolded",
          "label": "",
          "count": 73
        },
        {
          "word": "挨个",
          "traditional": "挨個",
          "pinyin": "ai1 ge4",
          "meaning": "one by one; in turn",
          "label": "",
          "count": 70
        },
        {
          "word": "挨近",
          "traditional": "挨近",
          "pinyin": "ai1 jin4",
          "meaning": "to get close to; to approach",
          "label": "",
          "count": 21
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "晶",
      "rank": 2045,
      "pinyin": "jing1",
      "meaning": "crystal; sparkling",
      "usage": "Usually a component of words about crystals or brightness. It also appears in names. For the everyday noun ‘crystal’, start with 水晶; for ‘sparkling’, learn 亮晶晶.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "水晶",
          "traditional": "水晶",
          "pinyin": "shui3 jing1",
          "meaning": "crystal",
          "label": "",
          "count": 785
        },
        {
          "word": "结晶",
          "traditional": "結晶",
          "pinyin": "jie2 jing1",
          "meaning": "to crystallize; a crystal; the fruit of an effort",
          "label": "",
          "count": 199
        },
        {
          "word": "晶片",
          "traditional": "晶片",
          "pinyin": "jing1 pian4",
          "meaning": "computer chip",
          "label": "Taiwan",
          "count": 155
        },
        {
          "word": "晶体",
          "traditional": "晶體",
          "pinyin": "jing1 ti3",
          "meaning": "crystal; crystalline body",
          "label": "",
          "count": 102
        },
        {
          "word": "亮晶晶",
          "traditional": "亮晶晶",
          "pinyin": "liang4 jing1 jing1",
          "meaning": "sparkling; glistening",
          "label": "",
          "count": 98
        },
        {
          "word": "水晶球",
          "traditional": "水晶球",
          "pinyin": "shui3 jing1 qiu2",
          "meaning": "crystal ball",
          "label": "",
          "count": 75
        },
        {
          "word": "冰晶",
          "traditional": "冰晶",
          "pinyin": "bing1 jing1",
          "meaning": "ice crystal",
          "label": "",
          "count": 22
        },
        {
          "word": "液晶",
          "traditional": "液晶",
          "pinyin": "ye4 jing1",
          "meaning": "liquid crystal",
          "label": "",
          "count": 21
        },
        {
          "word": "晶体管",
          "traditional": "晶體管",
          "pinyin": "jing1 ti3 guan3",
          "meaning": "transistor",
          "label": "",
          "count": 16
        },
        {
          "word": "晶莹",
          "traditional": "晶瑩",
          "pinyin": "jing1 ying2",
          "meaning": "sparkling and translucent",
          "label": "",
          "count": 14
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "匪",
      "rank": 2120,
      "pinyin": "fei3",
      "meaning": "bandit; robber; literary ‘not’",
      "usage": "Mostly found in compounds referring to criminals. The literary meaning ‘not’ is different: 受益匪浅 means benefiting a great deal, not anything about bandits. Learn the fixed expression as a whole.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "绑匪",
          "traditional": "綁匪",
          "pinyin": "bang3 fei3",
          "meaning": "kidnapper",
          "label": "",
          "count": 400
        },
        {
          "word": "劫匪",
          "traditional": "劫匪",
          "pinyin": "jie2 fei3",
          "meaning": "robber; bandit",
          "label": "",
          "count": 384
        },
        {
          "word": "土匪",
          "traditional": "土匪",
          "pinyin": "tu3 fei3",
          "meaning": "bandit",
          "label": "",
          "count": 333
        },
        {
          "word": "匪徒",
          "traditional": "匪徒",
          "pinyin": "fei3 tu2",
          "meaning": "gangster; bandit",
          "label": "",
          "count": 314
        },
        {
          "word": "匪夷所思",
          "traditional": "匪夷所思",
          "pinyin": "fei3 yi2 suo3 si1",
          "meaning": "unimaginable; beyond ordinary understanding",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 81
        },
        {
          "word": "匪帮",
          "traditional": "匪幫",
          "pinyin": "fei3 bang1",
          "meaning": "a gang of bandits; criminal gang",
          "label": "",
          "count": 44
        },
        {
          "word": "受益匪浅",
          "traditional": "受益匪淺",
          "pinyin": "shou4 yi4 fei3 qian3",
          "meaning": "to benefit a great deal",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 34
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "荐",
      "rank": 2177,
      "pinyin": "jian4",
      "meaning": "to recommend",
      "usage": "Mostly a component of compounds in modern speech. 推荐 is the word to learn first. 荐 can stand alone in concise writing, such as a recommendation label, but is less usual as a conversational verb by itself.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "推荐",
          "traditional": "推薦",
          "pinyin": "tui1 jian4",
          "meaning": "to recommend",
          "label": "",
          "count": 1446
        },
        {
          "word": "推荐信",
          "traditional": "推薦信",
          "pinyin": "tui1 jian4 xin4",
          "meaning": "letter of recommendation",
          "label": "",
          "count": 190
        },
        {
          "word": "引荐",
          "traditional": "引薦",
          "pinyin": "yin3 jian4",
          "meaning": "to introduce or recommend someone",
          "label": "",
          "count": 108
        },
        {
          "word": "举荐",
          "traditional": "舉薦",
          "pinyin": "ju3 jian4",
          "meaning": "to recommend someone",
          "label": "Formal",
          "count": 34
        },
        {
          "word": "毛遂自荐",
          "traditional": "毛遂自薦",
          "pinyin": "Mao2 Sui4 zi4 jian4",
          "meaning": "to volunteer one's services",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 25
        },
        {
          "word": "自荐",
          "traditional": "自薦",
          "pinyin": "zi4 jian4",
          "meaning": "to recommend oneself",
          "label": "",
          "count": 24
        },
        {
          "word": "推荐书",
          "traditional": "推薦書",
          "pinyin": "tui1 jian4 shu1",
          "meaning": "letter of recommendation",
          "label": "",
          "count": 16
        },
        {
          "word": "力荐",
          "traditional": "力薦",
          "pinyin": "li4 jian4",
          "meaning": "to strongly recommend",
          "label": "",
          "count": 6
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "漆",
      "rank": 2220,
      "pinyin": "qi1",
      "meaning": "paint; lacquer; to paint",
      "usage": "Can stand alone as a noun for paint or lacquer, or as a verb for painting furniture or walls. 油漆 is a useful everyday word for paint. In 漆黑, the character contributes the idea of an intensely black color rather than the act of painting.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "油漆",
          "traditional": "油漆",
          "pinyin": "you2 qi1",
          "meaning": "paint; lacquer; to paint",
          "label": "",
          "count": 507
        },
        {
          "word": "漆黑",
          "traditional": "漆黑",
          "pinyin": "qi1 hei1",
          "meaning": "pitch-black",
          "label": "",
          "count": 372
        },
        {
          "word": "喷漆",
          "traditional": "噴漆",
          "pinyin": "pen1 qi1",
          "meaning": "to spray-paint; spray coating",
          "label": "",
          "count": 71
        },
        {
          "word": "如胶似漆",
          "traditional": "如膠似漆",
          "pinyin": "ru2 jiao1 si4 qi1",
          "meaning": "inseparable, especially of lovers",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 37
        },
        {
          "word": "底漆",
          "traditional": "底漆",
          "pinyin": "di3 qi1",
          "meaning": "primer; undercoat of paint",
          "label": "",
          "count": 11
        },
        {
          "word": "漆器",
          "traditional": "漆器",
          "pinyin": "qi1 qi4",
          "meaning": "lacquerware",
          "label": "",
          "count": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "悟",
      "rank": 2228,
      "pinyin": "wu4",
      "meaning": "to realize; to understand",
      "usage": "Usually learned through compounds about insight and realization. It can be used alone in reflective speech or writing, as in 悟了 (‘I’ve understood’), but 明白 or 懂 is more ordinary in daily conversation.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "觉悟",
          "traditional": "覺悟",
          "pinyin": "jue2 wu4",
          "meaning": "to become aware; awareness; enlightenment",
          "label": "",
          "count": 373
        },
        {
          "word": "领悟",
          "traditional": "領悟",
          "pinyin": "ling3 wu4",
          "meaning": "to grasp; to comprehend",
          "label": "",
          "count": 181
        },
        {
          "word": "醒悟",
          "traditional": "醒悟",
          "pinyin": "xing3 wu4",
          "meaning": "to wake up to the truth; to realize",
          "label": "",
          "count": 144
        },
        {
          "word": "顿悟",
          "traditional": "頓悟",
          "pinyin": "dun4 wu4",
          "meaning": "a sudden realization",
          "label": "",
          "count": 71
        },
        {
          "word": "恍然大悟",
          "traditional": "恍然大悟",
          "pinyin": "huang3 ran2 da4 wu4",
          "meaning": "to suddenly see the light",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 45
        },
        {
          "word": "执迷不悟",
          "traditional": "執迷不悟",
          "pinyin": "zhi2 mi2 bu4 wu4",
          "meaning": "to stubbornly persist in error",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 44
        },
        {
          "word": "悔悟",
          "traditional": "悔悟",
          "pinyin": "hui3 wu4",
          "meaning": "to repent; to realize one's mistakes",
          "label": "",
          "count": 33
        },
        {
          "word": "悟性",
          "traditional": "悟性",
          "pinyin": "wu4 xing4",
          "meaning": "the ability to understand; perception",
          "label": "",
          "count": 28
        },
        {
          "word": "感悟",
          "traditional": "感悟",
          "pinyin": "gan3 wu4",
          "meaning": "to gain a personal insight; to appreciate deeply",
          "label": "",
          "count": 22
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "侮",
      "rank": 2285,
      "pinyin": "wu3",
      "meaning": "to insult; to humiliate",
      "usage": "Usually encountered in compounds, especially 侮辱. It is not the ordinary standalone verb in everyday speech. 欺侮 describes bullying or mistreating someone, while 侮蔑 emphasizes contempt.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "侮辱",
          "traditional": "侮辱",
          "pinyin": "wu3 ru3",
          "meaning": "to insult; to humiliate",
          "label": "",
          "count": 1699
        },
        {
          "word": "欺侮",
          "traditional": "欺侮",
          "pinyin": "qi1 wu3",
          "meaning": "to bully; to mistreat",
          "label": "",
          "count": 46
        },
        {
          "word": "侮蔑",
          "traditional": "侮蔑",
          "pinyin": "wu3 mie4",
          "meaning": "to despise; contempt",
          "label": "",
          "count": 10
        },
        {
          "word": "轻侮",
          "traditional": "輕侮",
          "pinyin": "qing1 wu3",
          "meaning": "to treat with disrespect",
          "label": "Literary",
          "count": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "兆",
      "rank": 2296,
      "pinyin": "zhao4",
      "meaning": "omen; sign; mega-",
      "usage": "Usually found in compounds about signs of what will happen. In technical units, 兆 can mean ‘mega-’, while its large-number value varies by region and context; do not assume one number fits every use.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "征兆",
          "traditional": "徵兆",
          "pinyin": "zheng1 zhao4",
          "meaning": "a sign; a warning sign",
          "label": "",
          "count": 390
        },
        {
          "word": "预兆",
          "traditional": "預兆",
          "pinyin": "yu4 zhao4",
          "meaning": "an omen; to foreshadow",
          "label": "",
          "count": 296
        },
        {
          "word": "兆头",
          "traditional": "兆頭",
          "pinyin": "zhao4 tou5",
          "meaning": "an omen; a sign",
          "label": "",
          "count": 215
        },
        {
          "word": "前兆",
          "traditional": "前兆",
          "pinyin": "qian2 zhao4",
          "meaning": "an early sign",
          "label": "",
          "count": 73
        },
        {
          "word": "兆赫",
          "traditional": "兆赫",
          "pinyin": "zhao4 he4",
          "meaning": "megahertz",
          "label": "Technical",
          "count": 57
        },
        {
          "word": "先兆",
          "traditional": "先兆",
          "pinyin": "xian1 zhao4",
          "meaning": "a precursor; an omen",
          "label": "",
          "count": 50
        },
        {
          "word": "凶兆",
          "traditional": "凶兆",
          "pinyin": "xiong1 zhao4",
          "meaning": "a bad omen",
          "label": "",
          "count": 42
        },
        {
          "word": "吉兆",
          "traditional": "吉兆",
          "pinyin": "ji2 zhao4",
          "meaning": "a lucky omen",
          "label": "",
          "count": 16
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "旺",
      "rank": 2311,
      "pinyin": "wang4",
      "meaning": "flourishing; vigorous",
      "usage": "Can stand alone as an adjective: 生意很旺 means ‘business is booming’. It also describes a strong fire or abundant energy. 旺盛 and 兴旺 are useful compounds to learn first.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "旺盛",
          "traditional": "旺盛",
          "pinyin": "wang4 sheng4",
          "meaning": "vigorous; abundant",
          "label": "",
          "count": 122
        },
        {
          "word": "兴旺",
          "traditional": "興旺",
          "pinyin": "xing1 wang4",
          "meaning": "prosperous; thriving",
          "label": "",
          "count": 70
        },
        {
          "word": "旺季",
          "traditional": "旺季",
          "pinyin": "wang4 ji4",
          "meaning": "peak season; busy season",
          "label": "",
          "count": 52
        },
        {
          "word": "兴旺发达",
          "traditional": "興旺發達",
          "pinyin": "xing1 wang4 fa1 da2",
          "meaning": "prosperous and developing",
          "label": "Set expression",
          "count": 10
        },
        {
          "word": "人丁兴旺",
          "traditional": "人丁興旺",
          "pinyin": "ren2 ding1 xing1 wang4",
          "meaning": "a flourishing family with many descendants",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 5
        },
        {
          "word": "健旺",
          "traditional": "健旺",
          "pinyin": "jian4 wang4",
          "meaning": "healthy and vigorous",
          "label": "",
          "count": 4
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "驻",
      "rank": 2352,
      "pinyin": "zhu4",
      "meaning": "to be stationed; to stay",
      "usage": "Can act as a verb before a place, especially for troops, diplomats, or official representatives. It is more formal than 住, the everyday word for living or staying somewhere. Compounds often describe an established presence.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "驻扎",
          "traditional": "駐紮",
          "pinyin": "zhu4 zha1",
          "meaning": "to station troops; to be garrisoned",
          "label": "",
          "count": 286
        },
        {
          "word": "驻军",
          "traditional": "駐軍",
          "pinyin": "zhu4 jun1",
          "meaning": "a garrison; to station troops",
          "label": "",
          "count": 150
        },
        {
          "word": "驻守",
          "traditional": "駐守",
          "pinyin": "zhu4 shou3",
          "meaning": "to man and defend a post",
          "label": "",
          "count": 148
        },
        {
          "word": "进驻",
          "traditional": "進駐",
          "pinyin": "jin4 zhu4",
          "meaning": "to move in; to establish a presence",
          "label": "",
          "count": 96
        },
        {
          "word": "驻地",
          "traditional": "駐地",
          "pinyin": "zhu4 di4",
          "meaning": "station; base",
          "label": "",
          "count": 94
        },
        {
          "word": "常驻",
          "traditional": "常駐",
          "pinyin": "chang2 zhu4",
          "meaning": "resident; permanently stationed",
          "label": "",
          "count": 70
        },
        {
          "word": "驻足",
          "traditional": "駐足",
          "pinyin": "zhu4 zu2",
          "meaning": "to stop walking; to pause",
          "label": "",
          "count": 52
        },
        {
          "word": "派驻",
          "traditional": "派駐",
          "pinyin": "pai4 zhu4",
          "meaning": "to post or dispatch someone officially",
          "label": "",
          "count": 45
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "狡",
      "rank": 2410,
      "pinyin": "jiao3",
      "meaning": "crafty; cunning",
      "usage": "Normally used inside a compound. 狡猾 is the main everyday word for ‘cunning’; 狡 by itself is more compressed or literary. These words usually suggest deception rather than simply being clever.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "狡猾",
          "traditional": "狡猾",
          "pinyin": "jiao3 hua2",
          "meaning": "crafty; cunning",
          "label": "",
          "count": 961
        },
        {
          "word": "狡辩",
          "traditional": "狡辯",
          "pinyin": "jiao3 bian4",
          "meaning": "to make dishonest excuses; to deflect blame",
          "label": "",
          "count": 134
        },
        {
          "word": "狡诈",
          "traditional": "狡詐",
          "pinyin": "jiao3 zha4",
          "meaning": "deceitful; cunning",
          "label": "",
          "count": 92
        },
        {
          "word": "狡黠",
          "traditional": "狡黠",
          "pinyin": "jiao3 xia2",
          "meaning": "crafty; shrewd",
          "label": "",
          "count": 14
        },
        {
          "word": "狡兔三窟",
          "traditional": "狡兔三窟",
          "pinyin": "jiao3 tu4 san1 ku1",
          "meaning": "a cunning person keeps several fallback plans",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 7
        },
        {
          "word": "狡赖",
          "traditional": "狡賴",
          "pinyin": "jiao3 lai4",
          "meaning": "to deny responsibility through trickery",
          "label": "",
          "count": 3
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "扳",
      "rank": 2415,
      "pinyin": "ban1",
      "meaning": "to pull; to turn; to recover a situation",
      "usage": "Can be a verb for pulling or turning something, especially a lever. In sports or a contest, 扳回 and 扳平 describe recovering ground or equalizing the score. 扳手 is a wrench, not simply a hand being pulled.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "扳机",
          "traditional": "扳機",
          "pinyin": "ban1 ji1",
          "meaning": "trigger",
          "label": "",
          "count": 666
        },
        {
          "word": "扳手",
          "traditional": "扳手",
          "pinyin": "ban1 shou3",
          "meaning": "wrench; spanner",
          "label": "",
          "count": 216
        },
        {
          "word": "扳回",
          "traditional": "扳回",
          "pinyin": "ban1 hui2",
          "meaning": "to recover ground; to turn a situation around",
          "label": "",
          "count": 58
        },
        {
          "word": "扳平",
          "traditional": "扳平",
          "pinyin": "ban1 ping2",
          "meaning": "to equalize; to level the score",
          "label": "",
          "count": 26
        },
        {
          "word": "扳动",
          "traditional": "扳動",
          "pinyin": "ban1 dong4",
          "meaning": "to pull or move a lever",
          "label": "",
          "count": 19
        },
        {
          "word": "扳子",
          "traditional": "扳子",
          "pinyin": "ban1 zi5",
          "meaning": "wrench; spanner",
          "label": "Colloquial",
          "count": 10
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "娩",
      "rank": 2466,
      "pinyin": "mian3",
      "meaning": "to give birth",
      "usage": "Normally learned through 分娩, a more formal word for giving birth. The relevant reading is miǎn. The dictionary has another, less useful wǎn reading, which is not used in 分娩.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "分娩",
          "traditional": "分娩",
          "pinyin": "fen1 mian3",
          "meaning": "to give birth; childbirth",
          "label": "",
          "count": 267
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "歹",
      "rank": 2474,
      "pinyin": "dai3",
      "meaning": "bad; evil",
      "usage": "Mostly found in compounds and fixed expressions in Mandarin. Everyday ‘bad’ is usually 坏, rather than 歹 alone. 好歹 has several contextual meanings, including ‘in any case’ and ‘good and bad’.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "歹徒",
          "traditional": "歹徒",
          "pinyin": "dai3 tu2",
          "meaning": "criminal; gangster",
          "label": "",
          "count": 526
        },
        {
          "word": "好歹",
          "traditional": "好歹",
          "pinyin": "hao3 dai3",
          "meaning": "good and bad; in any case",
          "label": "",
          "count": 458
        },
        {
          "word": "不知好歹",
          "traditional": "不知好歹",
          "pinyin": "bu4 zhi1 hao3 dai3",
          "meaning": "unable to recognize what is good for oneself",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 80
        },
        {
          "word": "为非作歹",
          "traditional": "為非作歹",
          "pinyin": "wei2 fei1 zuo4 dai3",
          "meaning": "to commit crimes and do evil",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 42
        },
        {
          "word": "歹毒",
          "traditional": "歹毒",
          "pinyin": "dai3 du2",
          "meaning": "vicious; malevolent",
          "label": "",
          "count": 21
        },
        {
          "word": "歹意",
          "traditional": "歹意",
          "pinyin": "dai3 yi4",
          "meaning": "malice; evil intentions",
          "label": "",
          "count": 7
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "敞",
      "rank": 2494,
      "pinyin": "chang3",
      "meaning": "open wide; spacious",
      "usage": "Can be used in a verb phrase such as 敞着门, leaving the door wide open. 敞开 is the fuller verb, while 宽敞 describes a roomy space. In 宽敞 the second syllable is normally neutral-tone chang.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "敞开",
          "traditional": "敞開",
          "pinyin": "chang3 kai1",
          "meaning": "to open wide; unrestrictedly",
          "label": "",
          "count": 701
        },
        {
          "word": "宽敞",
          "traditional": "寬敞",
          "pinyin": "kuan1 chang5",
          "meaning": "spacious; roomy",
          "label": "",
          "count": 208
        },
        {
          "word": "敞篷车",
          "traditional": "敞篷車",
          "pinyin": "chang3 peng2 che1",
          "meaning": "convertible; open-top car",
          "label": "",
          "count": 99
        },
        {
          "word": "敞亮",
          "traditional": "敞亮",
          "pinyin": "chang3 liang4",
          "meaning": "bright and spacious",
          "label": "",
          "count": 10
        },
        {
          "word": "开敞",
          "traditional": "開敞",
          "pinyin": "kai1 chang3",
          "meaning": "wide open",
          "label": "",
          "count": 4
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "浸",
      "rank": 2511,
      "pinyin": "jin4",
      "meaning": "to soak; to immerse",
      "usage": "Can be used as a verb, for example 浸在水里 (‘soak in water’). 浸泡 is a clear everyday compound for physical soaking; 沉浸 often describes being absorbed in a feeling or activity.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "沉浸",
          "traditional": "沉浸",
          "pinyin": "chen2 jin4",
          "meaning": "to be immersed or absorbed in",
          "label": "",
          "count": 424
        },
        {
          "word": "浸泡",
          "traditional": "浸泡",
          "pinyin": "jin4 pao4",
          "meaning": "to soak; to steep",
          "label": "",
          "count": 133
        },
        {
          "word": "浸透",
          "traditional": "浸透",
          "pinyin": "jin4 tou4",
          "meaning": "to saturate; to permeate",
          "label": "",
          "count": 49
        },
        {
          "word": "浸染",
          "traditional": "浸染",
          "pinyin": "jin4 ran3",
          "meaning": "to become influenced or contaminated",
          "label": "",
          "count": 39
        },
        {
          "word": "浸入",
          "traditional": "浸入",
          "pinyin": "jin4 ru4",
          "meaning": "to dip into; to immerse",
          "label": "",
          "count": 33
        },
        {
          "word": "浸渍",
          "traditional": "浸漬",
          "pinyin": "jin4 zi4",
          "meaning": "to soak; to steep",
          "label": "",
          "count": 25
        },
        {
          "word": "浸湿",
          "traditional": "浸濕",
          "pinyin": "jin4 shi1",
          "meaning": "to soak through; to make wet",
          "label": "",
          "count": 23
        },
        {
          "word": "浸水",
          "traditional": "浸水",
          "pinyin": "jin4 shui3",
          "meaning": "to immerse in water; to become flooded",
          "label": "",
          "count": 20
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "柄",
      "rank": 2527,
      "pinyin": "bing3",
      "meaning": "handle; shaft; stem; a hold over someone",
      "usage": "Can name a handle or shaft, often with another character specifying the object, such as 剑柄. The physical idea extends to figurative ‘leverage’ in 把柄 and a target for ridicule in 笑柄. It also serves as a classifier for knives or other bladed objects.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "把柄",
          "traditional": "把柄",
          "pinyin": "ba3 bing3",
          "meaning": "a handle; information someone can use against another person",
          "label": "",
          "count": 441
        },
        {
          "word": "笑柄",
          "traditional": "笑柄",
          "pinyin": "xiao4 bing3",
          "meaning": "laughingstock; an object of ridicule",
          "label": "",
          "count": 227
        },
        {
          "word": "手柄",
          "traditional": "手柄",
          "pinyin": "shou3 bing3",
          "meaning": "handle; video-game controller",
          "label": "",
          "count": 116
        },
        {
          "word": "权柄",
          "traditional": "權柄",
          "pinyin": "quan2 bing3",
          "meaning": "authority; power",
          "label": "Formal",
          "count": 55
        },
        {
          "word": "曲柄",
          "traditional": "曲柄",
          "pinyin": "qu1 bing3",
          "meaning": "crank handle",
          "label": "",
          "count": 38
        },
        {
          "word": "剑柄",
          "traditional": "劍柄",
          "pinyin": "jian4 bing3",
          "meaning": "sword hilt",
          "label": "",
          "count": 17
        },
        {
          "word": "话柄",
          "traditional": "話柄",
          "pinyin": "hua4 bing3",
          "meaning": "a pretext for gossip or ridicule",
          "label": "",
          "count": 7
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "戳",
      "rank": 2543,
      "pinyin": "chuo1",
      "meaning": "to poke; to jab; stamp",
      "usage": "Commonly used as a verb on its own: 别戳我 means ‘don’t poke me’. The compounds 戳穿 and 戳破 also describe exposing a lie or breaking an illusion. Another meaning is a stamp or postmark.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "戳穿",
          "traditional": "戳穿",
          "pinyin": "chuo1 chuan1",
          "meaning": "to puncture; to expose a lie",
          "label": "",
          "count": 62
        },
        {
          "word": "邮戳",
          "traditional": "郵戳",
          "pinyin": "you2 chuo1",
          "meaning": "postmark",
          "label": "",
          "count": 60
        },
        {
          "word": "戳破",
          "traditional": "戳破",
          "pinyin": "chuo1 po4",
          "meaning": "to poke a hole in; to expose a facade",
          "label": "",
          "count": 54
        },
        {
          "word": "刺戳",
          "traditional": "刺戳",
          "pinyin": "ci4 chuo1",
          "meaning": "to stab; to pierce",
          "label": "",
          "count": 4
        },
        {
          "word": "戳记",
          "traditional": "戳記",
          "pinyin": "chuo1 ji4",
          "meaning": "stamp; seal",
          "label": "",
          "count": 4
        },
        {
          "word": "戳子",
          "traditional": "戳子",
          "pinyin": "chuo1 zi5",
          "meaning": "stamp; seal",
          "label": "Colloquial",
          "count": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "掠",
      "rank": 2556,
      "pinyin": "lu:e4",
      "meaning": "to plunder; to sweep or skim past",
      "usage": "Usually appears in compounds. One group concerns taking by force, such as 掠夺; another describes a quick passing movement, such as 掠过. The single-character verb is more typical of written descriptions than casual conversation.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "掠夺",
          "traditional": "掠奪",
          "pinyin": "lu:e4 duo2",
          "meaning": "to plunder; to rob",
          "label": "",
          "count": 302
        },
        {
          "word": "掠食",
          "traditional": "掠食",
          "pinyin": "lu:e4 shi2",
          "meaning": "to prey on; predation",
          "label": "",
          "count": 118
        },
        {
          "word": "掠夺者",
          "traditional": "掠奪者",
          "pinyin": "lu:e4 duo2 zhe3",
          "meaning": "plunderer; predator",
          "label": "",
          "count": 114
        },
        {
          "word": "掠过",
          "traditional": "掠過",
          "pinyin": "lu:e4 guo4",
          "meaning": "to sweep past; to flit across",
          "label": "",
          "count": 114
        },
        {
          "word": "劫掠",
          "traditional": "劫掠",
          "pinyin": "jie2 lu:e4",
          "meaning": "to loot; to plunder",
          "label": "",
          "count": 54
        },
        {
          "word": "抢掠",
          "traditional": "搶掠",
          "pinyin": "qiang3 lu:e4",
          "meaning": "to loot; looting",
          "label": "",
          "count": 27
        },
        {
          "word": "飞掠",
          "traditional": "飛掠",
          "pinyin": "fei1 lu:e4",
          "meaning": "to fly past; to sweep past at close range",
          "label": "",
          "count": 9
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "棘",
      "rank": 2565,
      "pinyin": "ji2",
      "meaning": "thorn; thorns",
      "usage": "Usually appears in compounds. The physical idea of thorns becomes a difficult or ‘thorny’ problem in 棘手. 荆棘 names thorny undergrowth, and 披荆斩棘 extends cutting through it to overcoming obstacles.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "棘手",
          "traditional": "棘手",
          "pinyin": "ji2 shou3",
          "meaning": "thorny; tricky; difficult to deal with",
          "label": "",
          "count": 895
        },
        {
          "word": "荆棘",
          "traditional": "荊棘",
          "pinyin": "jing1 ji2",
          "meaning": "thorns; brambles; thorny undergrowth",
          "label": "",
          "count": 166
        },
        {
          "word": "披荆斩棘",
          "traditional": "披荊斬棘",
          "pinyin": "pi1 jing1 zhan3 ji2",
          "meaning": "to overcome obstacles; to blaze a trail",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 16
        },
        {
          "word": "棘轮",
          "traditional": "棘輪",
          "pinyin": "ji2 lun2",
          "meaning": "ratchet",
          "label": "Technical",
          "count": 10
        },
        {
          "word": "沙棘",
          "traditional": "沙棘",
          "pinyin": "sha1 ji2",
          "meaning": "sea buckthorn",
          "label": "Plant",
          "count": 5
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "泼",
      "rank": 2569,
      "pinyin": "po1",
      "meaning": "to splash; to pour",
      "usage": "Often used as a verb with a liquid: 泼水 means ‘splash water’. In 活泼 it contributes to ‘lively’, not literal splashing. Other compounds can describe forceful or unruly behavior.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "活泼",
          "traditional": "活潑",
          "pinyin": "huo2 po5",
          "meaning": "lively; vivacious",
          "label": "",
          "count": 259
        },
        {
          "word": "泼冷水",
          "traditional": "潑冷水",
          "pinyin": "po1 leng3 shui3",
          "meaning": "to dampen someone's enthusiasm",
          "label": "Figurative",
          "count": 37
        },
        {
          "word": "泼水",
          "traditional": "潑水",
          "pinyin": "po1 shui3",
          "meaning": "to splash water",
          "label": "",
          "count": 30
        },
        {
          "word": "泼辣",
          "traditional": "潑辣",
          "pinyin": "po1 la5",
          "meaning": "bold and forceful; shrewish",
          "label": "",
          "count": 26
        },
        {
          "word": "撒泼",
          "traditional": "撒潑",
          "pinyin": "sa1 po1",
          "meaning": "to make an unreasonable scene",
          "label": "",
          "count": 17
        },
        {
          "word": "瓢泼大雨",
          "traditional": "瓢潑大雨",
          "pinyin": "piao2 po1 da4 yu3",
          "meaning": "a torrential downpour",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 16
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "厩",
      "rank": 2591,
      "pinyin": "jiu4",
      "meaning": "stable; barn",
      "usage": "A noun associated with housing horses. 马厩 is the useful ordinary compound; 厩 alone appears more in concise or written contexts. There is no need to memorize a long compound list for this character.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "马厩",
          "traditional": "馬廄",
          "pinyin": "ma3 jiu4",
          "meaning": "stable; a building for horses",
          "label": "",
          "count": 260
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "仑",
      "rank": 2600,
      "pinyin": "lun2",
      "meaning": "a component in names and loanwords",
      "usage": "Rarely an independent word in modern speech. Most useful encounters are in names or sound-based loanwords such as 加仑 (‘gallon’). Do not try to give 仑 a separate literal meaning inside these names.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "拿破仑",
          "traditional": "拿破崙",
          "pinyin": "Na2 po4 lun2",
          "meaning": "Napoleon",
          "label": "Name",
          "count": 531
        },
        {
          "word": "加仑",
          "traditional": "加侖",
          "pinyin": "jia1 lun2",
          "meaning": "gallon",
          "label": "Loanword",
          "count": 272
        },
        {
          "word": "昆仑",
          "traditional": "崑崙",
          "pinyin": "Kun1 lun2",
          "meaning": "Kunlun",
          "label": "Place",
          "count": 30
        },
        {
          "word": "库仑",
          "traditional": "庫侖",
          "pinyin": "ku4 lun2",
          "meaning": "coulomb; a unit of electric charge",
          "label": "Technical",
          "count": 10
        },
        {
          "word": "昆仑山",
          "traditional": "崑崙山",
          "pinyin": "Kun1 lun2 shan1",
          "meaning": "the Kunlun Mountains",
          "label": "Place",
          "count": 5
        },
        {
          "word": "黑加仑",
          "traditional": "黑加侖",
          "pinyin": "hei1 jia1 lun2",
          "meaning": "blackcurrant",
          "label": "",
          "count": 5
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "锐",
      "rank": 2603,
      "pinyin": "rui4",
      "meaning": "sharp; keen; acute",
      "usage": "Usually found in compounds rather than used alone in conversation. It describes physical sharpness, keen perception, elite quality, or strong drive. Learn 敏锐 for perception and 尖锐 for something sharp or pointed, including a sound or criticism.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "敏锐",
          "traditional": "敏銳",
          "pinyin": "min3 rui4",
          "meaning": "keen; perceptive; sharp",
          "label": "",
          "count": 348
        },
        {
          "word": "尖锐",
          "traditional": "尖銳",
          "pinyin": "jian1 rui4",
          "meaning": "sharp; piercing; pointed or intense",
          "label": "",
          "count": 238
        },
        {
          "word": "锐利",
          "traditional": "銳利",
          "pinyin": "rui4 li4",
          "meaning": "sharp; keen; penetrating",
          "label": "",
          "count": 99
        },
        {
          "word": "精锐",
          "traditional": "精銳",
          "pinyin": "jing1 rui4",
          "meaning": "elite; the best troops or personnel",
          "label": "",
          "count": 74
        },
        {
          "word": "锐气",
          "traditional": "銳氣",
          "pinyin": "rui4 qi4",
          "meaning": "drive; fighting spirit",
          "label": "",
          "count": 35
        },
        {
          "word": "养精蓄锐",
          "traditional": "養精蓄銳",
          "pinyin": "yang3 jing1 xu4 rui4",
          "meaning": "to rest and build up one's strength",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 29
        },
        {
          "word": "新锐",
          "traditional": "新銳",
          "pinyin": "xin1 rui4",
          "meaning": "cutting-edge; new and competitive",
          "label": "",
          "count": 26
        },
        {
          "word": "锐减",
          "traditional": "銳減",
          "pinyin": "rui4 jian3",
          "meaning": "to decline sharply",
          "label": "",
          "count": 14
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "碳",
      "rank": 2625,
      "pinyin": "tan4",
      "meaning": "carbon",
      "usage": "Can stand alone as the name of the chemical element carbon. It is also common in scientific and materials vocabulary. Distinguish 碳 from 炭, which refers to charcoal or coal in many words.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "二氧化碳",
          "traditional": "二氧化碳",
          "pinyin": "er4 yang3 hua4 tan4",
          "meaning": "carbon dioxide",
          "label": "",
          "count": 368
        },
        {
          "word": "碳水化合物",
          "traditional": "碳水化合物",
          "pinyin": "tan4 shui3 hua4 he2 wu4",
          "meaning": "carbohydrate",
          "label": "",
          "count": 101
        },
        {
          "word": "碳酸",
          "traditional": "碳酸",
          "pinyin": "tan4 suan1",
          "meaning": "carbonic acid",
          "label": "",
          "count": 65
        },
        {
          "word": "一氧化碳",
          "traditional": "一氧化碳",
          "pinyin": "yi1 yang3 hua4 tan4",
          "meaning": "carbon monoxide",
          "label": "",
          "count": 42
        },
        {
          "word": "碳化",
          "traditional": "碳化",
          "pinyin": "tan4 hua4",
          "meaning": "carbonization; to carbonize",
          "label": "",
          "count": 37
        },
        {
          "word": "碳纤维",
          "traditional": "碳纖維",
          "pinyin": "tan4 xian1 wei2",
          "meaning": "carbon fiber",
          "label": "",
          "count": 31
        },
        {
          "word": "碳原子",
          "traditional": "碳原子",
          "pinyin": "tan4 yuan2 zi3",
          "meaning": "carbon atom",
          "label": "",
          "count": 27
        },
        {
          "word": "碳基",
          "traditional": "碳基",
          "pinyin": "tan4 ji1",
          "meaning": "carbon-based",
          "label": "",
          "count": 11
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "骸",
      "rank": 2627,
      "pinyin": "hai2",
      "meaning": "bones; bodily remains",
      "usage": "Usually found in compounds rather than used alone. 遗骸 refers to human remains, while 残骸 can also be wreckage from a vehicle or structure. The bone radical 骨 helps connect the character with its meaning.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "残骸",
          "traditional": "殘骸",
          "pinyin": "can2 hai2",
          "meaning": "remains; wreckage",
          "label": "",
          "count": 513
        },
        {
          "word": "遗骸",
          "traditional": "遺骸",
          "pinyin": "yi2 hai2",
          "meaning": "human remains",
          "label": "",
          "count": 106
        },
        {
          "word": "骸骨",
          "traditional": "骸骨",
          "pinyin": "hai2 gu3",
          "meaning": "skeletal remains; skeleton",
          "label": "",
          "count": 86
        },
        {
          "word": "尸骸",
          "traditional": "屍骸",
          "pinyin": "shi1 hai2",
          "meaning": "corpse; bodily remains",
          "label": "",
          "count": 34
        },
        {
          "word": "骨骸",
          "traditional": "骨骸",
          "pinyin": "gu3 hai2",
          "meaning": "bones; skeleton",
          "label": "",
          "count": 29
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "恤",
      "rank": 2634,
      "pinyin": "xu4",
      "meaning": "to show compassion; to give relief or compensation",
      "usage": "Normally used in compounds about care, sympathy or financial relief, rather than on its own in casual speech. In clothing words such as 恤衫 and 体恤衫, it is part of a borrowed term and does not carry the compassion meaning.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "抚恤金",
          "traditional": "撫恤金",
          "pinyin": "fu3 xu4 jin1",
          "meaning": "compensation or relief payment for injury or bereavement",
          "label": "",
          "count": 84
        },
        {
          "word": "体恤",
          "traditional": "體恤",
          "pinyin": "ti3 xu4",
          "meaning": "to empathize with; to show consideration for",
          "label": "",
          "count": 30
        },
        {
          "word": "恤衫",
          "traditional": "恤衫",
          "pinyin": "xu4 shan1",
          "meaning": "shirt",
          "label": "Loanword",
          "count": 25
        },
        {
          "word": "体恤衫",
          "traditional": "體恤衫",
          "pinyin": "ti3 xu4 shan1",
          "meaning": "T-shirt",
          "label": "",
          "count": 9
        },
        {
          "word": "抚恤",
          "traditional": "撫卹",
          "pinyin": "fu3 xu4",
          "meaning": "to provide financial support after death or serious injury",
          "label": "",
          "count": 9
        },
        {
          "word": "怜恤",
          "traditional": "憐恤",
          "pinyin": "lian2 xu4",
          "meaning": "to take pity on; to show compassion",
          "label": "",
          "count": 5
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "酗",
      "rank": 2637,
      "pinyin": "xu4",
      "meaning": "excessive drinking",
      "usage": "Usually learned as part of 酗酒, meaning habitual or excessive drinking. It is not the everyday standalone word for being drunk; that is 醉. The longer expression below is a dictionary example, not a common word in this subtitle corpus.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "酗酒",
          "traditional": "酗酒",
          "pinyin": "xu4 jiu3",
          "meaning": "to drink to excess; heavy drinking",
          "label": "",
          "count": 901
        },
        {
          "word": "酗酒滋事",
          "traditional": "酗酒滋事",
          "pinyin": "xu4 jiu3 zi1 shi4",
          "meaning": "to get drunk and cause trouble",
          "label": "Set expression",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "秈",
      "rank": 2670,
      "pinyin": "xian1",
      "meaning": "long-grained rice",
      "usage": "The dictionary connects 秈 with the alternative form 籼. Useful rice words are listed under 籼, so the examples below use that spelling. This is a specialist food or agriculture character, not a common standalone conversational word. An example absent from the subtitle corpus is marked.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "籼稻",
          "traditional": "籼稻",
          "pinyin": "xian1 dao4",
          "meaning": "the long-grained rice plant or crop",
          "label": "Related form: 籼",
          "count": 1
        },
        {
          "word": "籼米",
          "traditional": "籼米",
          "pinyin": "xian1 mi3",
          "meaning": "long-grained rice",
          "label": "Related form: 籼",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        }
      ],
      "forms": [
        "秈",
        "籼"
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "颁",
      "rank": 2672,
      "pinyin": "ban1",
      "meaning": "to issue; to confer; to award",
      "usage": "Normally used in formal compounds. 颁奖 is presenting an award; 颁布 is officially issuing or proclaiming something, such as a rule. It is not the ordinary conversational verb for giving a person an object.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "颁发",
          "traditional": "頒發",
          "pinyin": "ban1 fa1",
          "meaning": "to issue; to award",
          "label": "",
          "count": 258
        },
        {
          "word": "颁布",
          "traditional": "頒布",
          "pinyin": "ban1 bu4",
          "meaning": "to promulgate; to proclaim officially",
          "label": "",
          "count": 157
        },
        {
          "word": "颁奖",
          "traditional": "頒獎",
          "pinyin": "ban1 jiang3",
          "meaning": "to present an award",
          "label": "",
          "count": 149
        },
        {
          "word": "颁授",
          "traditional": "頒授",
          "pinyin": "ban1 shou4",
          "meaning": "to confer; to award",
          "label": "",
          "count": 6
        },
        {
          "word": "颁给",
          "traditional": "頒給",
          "pinyin": "ban1 gei3",
          "meaning": "to award to someone",
          "label": "",
          "count": 5
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "驹",
      "rank": 2691,
      "pinyin": "ju1",
      "meaning": "foal; young horse",
      "usage": "Usually encountered in 马驹, ‘foal’, rather than used by itself in conversation. 白驹过隙 is a literary image for time passing quickly. There are only a few useful compounds to learn first.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "马驹",
          "traditional": "馬駒",
          "pinyin": "ma3 ju1",
          "meaning": "foal; young horse",
          "label": "",
          "count": 222
        },
        {
          "word": "白驹过隙",
          "traditional": "白駒過隙",
          "pinyin": "bai2 ju1 guo4 xi4",
          "meaning": "time flies",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 18
        },
        {
          "word": "驹子",
          "traditional": "駒子",
          "pinyin": "ju1 zi5",
          "meaning": "a young horse, donkey, or mule",
          "label": "",
          "count": 4
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "俯",
      "rank": 2731,
      "pinyin": "fu3",
      "meaning": "to bend down; to look down",
      "usage": "Usually appears in compounds describing a downward movement or viewpoint. 俯身 is bending the body forward, while 俯瞰 is looking down from a high vantage point. It contrasts with 仰, looking or facing upward.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "俯冲",
          "traditional": "俯衝",
          "pinyin": "fu3 chong1",
          "meaning": "to dive or swoop down",
          "label": "",
          "count": 197
        },
        {
          "word": "俯瞰",
          "traditional": "俯瞰",
          "pinyin": "fu3 kan4",
          "meaning": "to look down on from above",
          "label": "",
          "count": 147
        },
        {
          "word": "俯卧撑",
          "traditional": "俯臥撐",
          "pinyin": "fu3 wo4 cheng1",
          "meaning": "push-up; press-up",
          "label": "",
          "count": 134
        },
        {
          "word": "俯视",
          "traditional": "俯視",
          "pinyin": "fu3 shi4",
          "meaning": "to look down at",
          "label": "",
          "count": 108
        },
        {
          "word": "俯身",
          "traditional": "俯身",
          "pinyin": "fu3 shen1",
          "meaning": "to bend or lean over",
          "label": "",
          "count": 62
        },
        {
          "word": "俯首",
          "traditional": "俯首",
          "pinyin": "fu3 shou3",
          "meaning": "to lower one's head",
          "label": "",
          "count": 29
        },
        {
          "word": "俯卧",
          "traditional": "俯臥",
          "pinyin": "fu3 wo4",
          "meaning": "to lie face down",
          "label": "",
          "count": 9
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "朽",
      "rank": 2746,
      "pinyin": "xiu3",
      "meaning": "rotten; decayed",
      "usage": "Mostly used inside compounds or literary expressions. 腐朽 describes decay, while 不朽 reverses the idea to mean ‘enduring’ or ‘immortal’. The ordinary spoken description of rotten wood is often 烂了 rather than 朽 alone.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "不朽",
          "traditional": "不朽",
          "pinyin": "bu4 xiu3",
          "meaning": "enduring; immortal",
          "label": "",
          "count": 409
        },
        {
          "word": "腐朽",
          "traditional": "腐朽",
          "pinyin": "fu3 xiu3",
          "meaning": "rotten; decayed; decadent",
          "label": "",
          "count": 141
        },
        {
          "word": "老朽",
          "traditional": "老朽",
          "pinyin": "lao3 xiu3",
          "meaning": "decrepit; an old person's humble self-reference",
          "label": "Literary",
          "count": 114
        },
        {
          "word": "永垂不朽",
          "traditional": "永垂不朽",
          "pinyin": "yong3 chui2 bu4 xiu3",
          "meaning": "to be remembered forever",
          "label": "Set expression",
          "count": 88
        },
        {
          "word": "朽木",
          "traditional": "朽木",
          "pinyin": "xiu3 mu4",
          "meaning": "rotten wood",
          "label": "",
          "count": 43
        },
        {
          "word": "朽木不可雕",
          "traditional": "朽木不可雕",
          "pinyin": "xiu3 mu4 bu4 ke3 diao1",
          "meaning": "rotten wood cannot be carved; an incorrigible person",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 17
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "皑",
      "rank": 2753,
      "pinyin": "ai2",
      "meaning": "white as snow",
      "usage": "A literary character normally encountered in the doubled form 皑皑, especially 白雪皑皑. It is not the ordinary standalone adjective for white; use 白 in everyday speech. These two expressions are the main starting points.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "白雪皑皑",
          "traditional": "白雪皚皚",
          "pinyin": "bai2 xue3 ai2 ai2",
          "meaning": "covered in gleaming white snow",
          "label": "Literary",
          "count": 20
        },
        {
          "word": "皑皑",
          "traditional": "皚皚",
          "pinyin": "ai2 ai2",
          "meaning": "snow-white; pure white",
          "label": "Literary",
          "count": 8
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "腻",
      "rank": 2761,
      "pinyin": "ni4",
      "meaning": "greasy; tired of; delicate",
      "usage": "Commonly used alone: 太腻了 can mean food is too rich or greasy, while 我腻了 means ‘I’m tired of it’. In 细腻, the meaning is positive: fine, delicate, or subtle. Learn the whole word to tell these senses apart.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "细腻",
          "traditional": "細膩",
          "pinyin": "xi4 ni4",
          "meaning": "delicate; finely detailed; subtle",
          "label": "",
          "count": 134
        },
        {
          "word": "油腻",
          "traditional": "油膩",
          "pinyin": "you2 ni4",
          "meaning": "greasy; oily",
          "label": "",
          "count": 110
        },
        {
          "word": "猫腻",
          "traditional": "貓膩",
          "pinyin": "mao1 ni4",
          "meaning": "something fishy; hidden trickery",
          "label": "Colloquial",
          "count": 58
        },
        {
          "word": "吃腻",
          "traditional": "吃膩",
          "pinyin": "chi1 ni4",
          "meaning": "to get tired of eating something",
          "label": "",
          "count": 30
        },
        {
          "word": "腻味",
          "traditional": "膩味",
          "pinyin": "ni4 wei5",
          "meaning": "to be fed up with; tiresome",
          "label": "",
          "count": 26
        },
        {
          "word": "滑腻",
          "traditional": "滑膩",
          "pinyin": "hua2 ni4",
          "meaning": "smooth and satiny",
          "label": "",
          "count": 14
        },
        {
          "word": "甜腻",
          "traditional": "甜膩",
          "pinyin": "tian2 ni4",
          "meaning": "cloyingly sweet; overly sentimental",
          "label": "",
          "count": 8
        },
        {
          "word": "腻烦",
          "traditional": "膩煩",
          "pinyin": "ni4 fan5",
          "meaning": "bored; sick and tired of",
          "label": "",
          "count": 8
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "窟",
      "rank": 2775,
      "pinyin": "ku1",
      "meaning": "cave; hole; den",
      "usage": "Mostly encountered in compounds. 窟窿 is a hole or gap, while 洞窟 is a cave. The ‘den’ idea appears in some figurative place words, so 窟 does not always describe a literal cave.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "贫民窟",
          "traditional": "貧民窟",
          "pinyin": "pin2 min2 ku1",
          "meaning": "slum; an area of impoverished housing",
          "label": "",
          "count": 337
        },
        {
          "word": "窟窿",
          "traditional": "窟窿",
          "pinyin": "ku1 long5",
          "meaning": "hole; gap; financial shortfall",
          "label": "",
          "count": 83
        },
        {
          "word": "洞窟",
          "traditional": "洞窟",
          "pinyin": "dong4 ku1",
          "meaning": "cave",
          "label": "",
          "count": 71
        },
        {
          "word": "魔窟",
          "traditional": "魔窟",
          "pinyin": "mo2 ku1",
          "meaning": "a sinister den or stronghold",
          "label": "Figurative",
          "count": 19
        },
        {
          "word": "吴哥窟",
          "traditional": "吳哥窟",
          "pinyin": "Wu2 ge1 ku1",
          "meaning": "Angkor Wat",
          "label": "Place",
          "count": 13
        },
        {
          "word": "石窟",
          "traditional": "石窟",
          "pinyin": "shi2 ku1",
          "meaning": "rock cave; grotto",
          "label": "",
          "count": 11
        },
        {
          "word": "狡兔三窟",
          "traditional": "狡兔三窟",
          "pinyin": "jiao3 tu4 san1 ku1",
          "meaning": "a cunning person keeps several fallback plans",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 7
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "唠",
      "rank": 2786,
      "pinyin": "lao2 / lao4",
      "meaning": "to chatter; to chat",
      "usage": "Read láo in 唠叨, meaning to chatter or nag. The lào reading occurs in the regional word 唠嗑, to chat. It can be a conversational verb in regional speech, but the compounds are the clearest starting point.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "唠叨",
          "traditional": "嘮叨",
          "pinyin": "lao2 dao5",
          "meaning": "to chatter; to nag",
          "label": "",
          "count": 560
        },
        {
          "word": "唠唠叨叨",
          "traditional": "嘮嘮叨叨",
          "pinyin": "lao2 lao5 dao1 dao1",
          "meaning": "to chatter on and on",
          "label": "",
          "count": 83
        },
        {
          "word": "唠嗑",
          "traditional": "嘮嗑",
          "pinyin": "lao4 ke1",
          "meaning": "to chat; to gossip",
          "label": "Regional",
          "count": 13
        },
        {
          "word": "叨唠",
          "traditional": "叨嘮",
          "pinyin": "dao1 lao5",
          "meaning": "to talk on and on; to nag",
          "label": "",
          "count": 5
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "兑",
      "rank": 2789,
      "pinyin": "dui4",
      "meaning": "to exchange; to cash; to blend",
      "usage": "Can act as a verb, but 兑换 and 兑现 make its main meanings clearer. 兑现 can mean cashing a check or honoring a promise. In another use, 兑 describes adding or mixing liquids, such as 兑水.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "兑现",
          "traditional": "兌現",
          "pinyin": "dui4 xian4",
          "meaning": "to cash; to honor a promise",
          "label": "",
          "count": 473
        },
        {
          "word": "兑换",
          "traditional": "兌換",
          "pinyin": "dui4 huan4",
          "meaning": "to exchange; to convert currency",
          "label": "",
          "count": 168
        },
        {
          "word": "挤兑",
          "traditional": "擠兌",
          "pinyin": "ji3 dui4",
          "meaning": "a run on a bank",
          "label": "",
          "count": 29
        },
        {
          "word": "承兑",
          "traditional": "承兌",
          "pinyin": "cheng2 dui4",
          "meaning": "to accept or honor a payment obligation",
          "label": "Commerce",
          "count": 9
        },
        {
          "word": "汇兑",
          "traditional": "匯兌",
          "pinyin": "hui4 dui4",
          "meaning": "remittance; exchange of funds",
          "label": "",
          "count": 8
        },
        {
          "word": "兑付",
          "traditional": "兌付",
          "pinyin": "dui4 fu4",
          "meaning": "to cash or redeem a payment",
          "label": "",
          "count": 4
        },
        {
          "word": "勾兑",
          "traditional": "勾兌",
          "pinyin": "gou1 dui4",
          "meaning": "to blend drinks",
          "label": "",
          "count": 4
        },
        {
          "word": "兑奖",
          "traditional": "兌獎",
          "pinyin": "dui4 jiang3",
          "meaning": "to redeem a prize",
          "label": "",
          "count": 2
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "悯",
      "rank": 2825,
      "pinyin": "min3",
      "meaning": "to pity; to feel compassion",
      "usage": "Normally used in compounds, especially 怜悯. 悯 on its own sounds literary. The useful core meaning is compassion for someone suffering, rather than the ordinary word for feeling sorry about one's own mistake.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "怜悯",
          "traditional": "憐憫",
          "pinyin": "lian2 min3",
          "meaning": "to take pity on; pity; mercy",
          "label": "",
          "count": 718
        },
        {
          "word": "悲悯",
          "traditional": "悲憫",
          "pinyin": "bei1 min3",
          "meaning": "compassionate; to feel pity",
          "label": "",
          "count": 23
        },
        {
          "word": "悲天悯人",
          "traditional": "悲天憫人",
          "pinyin": "bei1 tian1 min3 ren2",
          "meaning": "to grieve over the world and pity humanity",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 13
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "僧",
      "rank": 2840,
      "pinyin": "seng1",
      "meaning": "Buddhist monk",
      "usage": "Usually a component of words for Buddhist monks. 僧人 or 僧侣 is clearer in everyday reading than using 僧 alone. 贫僧 is a monk's humble self-reference, often encountered in historical or literary dialogue.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "僧侣",
          "traditional": "僧侶",
          "pinyin": "seng1 lu:3",
          "meaning": "Buddhist monk",
          "label": "",
          "count": 221
        },
        {
          "word": "高僧",
          "traditional": "高僧",
          "pinyin": "gao1 seng1",
          "meaning": "a senior or eminent monk",
          "label": "",
          "count": 72
        },
        {
          "word": "僧人",
          "traditional": "僧人",
          "pinyin": "seng1 ren2",
          "meaning": "Buddhist monk",
          "label": "",
          "count": 64
        },
        {
          "word": "贫僧",
          "traditional": "貧僧",
          "pinyin": "pin2 seng1",
          "meaning": "I; a monk's humble self-reference",
          "label": "Traditional usage",
          "count": 52
        },
        {
          "word": "唐僧",
          "traditional": "唐僧",
          "pinyin": "Tang2 seng1",
          "meaning": "the Tang monk Xuanzang",
          "label": "Name",
          "count": 40
        },
        {
          "word": "苦行僧",
          "traditional": "苦行僧",
          "pinyin": "ku3 xing2 seng1",
          "meaning": "ascetic monk",
          "label": "",
          "count": 27
        },
        {
          "word": "僧多粥少",
          "traditional": "僧多粥少",
          "pinyin": "seng1 duo1 zhou1 shao3",
          "meaning": "not enough to go around; demand exceeds supply",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 9
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "悍",
      "rank": 2857,
      "pinyin": "han4",
      "meaning": "fierce; tough; formidable",
      "usage": "Usually found in compounds about toughness or ferocity. 强悍 may describe impressive strength, while 凶悍 is more clearly fierce or violent. The surrounding word determines whether the tone is admiring or critical.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "强悍",
          "traditional": "強悍",
          "pinyin": "qiang2 han4",
          "meaning": "strong; tough; formidable",
          "label": "",
          "count": 285
        },
        {
          "word": "凶悍",
          "traditional": "兇悍",
          "pinyin": "xiong1 han4",
          "meaning": "fierce; violent",
          "label": "",
          "count": 61
        },
        {
          "word": "彪悍",
          "traditional": "彪悍",
          "pinyin": "biao1 han4",
          "meaning": "formidable; tough as nails",
          "label": "",
          "count": 56
        },
        {
          "word": "悍匪",
          "traditional": "悍匪",
          "pinyin": "han4 fei3",
          "meaning": "a brutal bandit; violent criminal",
          "label": "",
          "count": 28
        },
        {
          "word": "剽悍",
          "traditional": "剽悍",
          "pinyin": "piao1 han4",
          "meaning": "swift and fierce",
          "label": "",
          "count": 12
        },
        {
          "word": "悍然",
          "traditional": "悍然",
          "pinyin": "han4 ran2",
          "meaning": "brazenly; flagrantly",
          "label": "",
          "count": 9
        },
        {
          "word": "短小精悍",
          "traditional": "短小精悍",
          "pinyin": "duan3 xiao3 jing1 han4",
          "meaning": "small but forceful; concise and powerful",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 7
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "溶",
      "rank": 2867,
      "pinyin": "rong2",
      "meaning": "to dissolve; soluble",
      "usage": "Most useful in compounds about a substance dissolving in a liquid. Sugar dissolving in water is 溶解. Melting from heat is often written 熔 or 融 in other words, so these similar-sounding characters are not freely interchangeable.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "溶解",
          "traditional": "溶解",
          "pinyin": "rong2 jie3",
          "meaning": "to dissolve",
          "label": "",
          "count": 180
        },
        {
          "word": "溶化",
          "traditional": "溶化",
          "pinyin": "rong2 hua4",
          "meaning": "to dissolve; to melt",
          "label": "",
          "count": 112
        },
        {
          "word": "溶液",
          "traditional": "溶液",
          "pinyin": "rong2 ye4",
          "meaning": "solution; a dissolved mixture",
          "label": "Chemistry",
          "count": 105
        },
        {
          "word": "溶剂",
          "traditional": "溶劑",
          "pinyin": "rong2 ji4",
          "meaning": "solvent",
          "label": "Chemistry",
          "count": 29
        },
        {
          "word": "速溶",
          "traditional": "速溶",
          "pinyin": "su4 rong2",
          "meaning": "instant; quick-dissolving",
          "label": "",
          "count": 23
        },
        {
          "word": "溶洞",
          "traditional": "溶洞",
          "pinyin": "rong2 dong4",
          "meaning": "a cave formed by dissolution, often in limestone",
          "label": "Geology",
          "count": 9
        },
        {
          "word": "水溶性",
          "traditional": "水溶性",
          "pinyin": "shui3 rong2 xing4",
          "meaning": "water-solubility; water-soluble",
          "label": "",
          "count": 5
        },
        {
          "word": "不溶",
          "traditional": "不溶",
          "pinyin": "bu4 rong2",
          "meaning": "insoluble",
          "label": "",
          "count": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "狭",
      "rank": 2871,
      "pinyin": "xia2",
      "meaning": "narrow; narrow-minded",
      "usage": "Normally learned through compounds. 狭窄 and 狭小 can describe a physical space; 狭隘 also describes a limited outlook or way of thinking. It is different from 峡, the character for a gorge in 峡谷.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "狭窄",
          "traditional": "狹窄",
          "pinyin": "xia2 zhai3",
          "meaning": "narrow; cramped",
          "label": "",
          "count": 234
        },
        {
          "word": "狭隘",
          "traditional": "狹隘",
          "pinyin": "xia2 ai4",
          "meaning": "narrow; limited; narrow-minded",
          "label": "",
          "count": 120
        },
        {
          "word": "狭小",
          "traditional": "狹小",
          "pinyin": "xia2 xiao3",
          "meaning": "small and cramped",
          "label": "",
          "count": 117
        },
        {
          "word": "心胸狭窄",
          "traditional": "心胸狹窄",
          "pinyin": "xin1 xiong1 xia2 zhai3",
          "meaning": "narrow-minded; petty",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 28
        },
        {
          "word": "狭路相逢",
          "traditional": "狹路相逢",
          "pinyin": "xia2 lu4 xiang1 feng2",
          "meaning": "rivals meeting face to face",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 25
        },
        {
          "word": "狭义",
          "traditional": "狹義",
          "pinyin": "xia2 yi4",
          "meaning": "the narrow or restricted sense",
          "label": "",
          "count": 18
        },
        {
          "word": "狭长",
          "traditional": "狹長",
          "pinyin": "xia2 chang2",
          "meaning": "long and narrow",
          "label": "",
          "count": 9
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "闺",
      "rank": 2880,
      "pinyin": "gui1",
      "meaning": "women's private rooms; a component in words about women",
      "usage": "Rarely used alone. Older compounds refer to a woman's private rooms or an unmarried daughter. 闺蜜 is a modern conversational word for a close female friend; it is much more useful in daily conversation than the old room meaning.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "闺女",
          "traditional": "閨女",
          "pinyin": "gui1 nu:5",
          "meaning": "daughter; unmarried young woman",
          "label": "",
          "count": 267
        },
        {
          "word": "闺蜜",
          "traditional": "閨蜜",
          "pinyin": "gui1 mi4",
          "meaning": "a woman's close female friend; bestie",
          "label": "Colloquial",
          "count": 191
        },
        {
          "word": "闺房",
          "traditional": "閨房",
          "pinyin": "gui1 fang2",
          "meaning": "a woman's private room; boudoir",
          "label": "Traditional usage",
          "count": 93
        },
        {
          "word": "大家闺秀",
          "traditional": "大家閨秀",
          "pinyin": "da4 jia1 gui1 xiu4",
          "meaning": "a well-bred daughter of a wealthy family",
          "label": "Traditional usage",
          "count": 32
        },
        {
          "word": "深闺",
          "traditional": "深閨",
          "pinyin": "shen1 gui1",
          "meaning": "a woman's private inner rooms",
          "label": "Literary",
          "count": 8
        },
        {
          "word": "闺秀",
          "traditional": "閨秀",
          "pinyin": "gui1 xiu4",
          "meaning": "a well-bred young woman",
          "label": "Traditional usage",
          "count": 4
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "耿",
      "rank": 2886,
      "pinyin": "geng3",
      "meaning": "upright; bright; the surname Geng",
      "usage": "An independent surname, but its ordinary descriptive meanings are usually found in compounds. 耿直 is frank and upright; 耿耿于怀 is continuing to brood over something. The doubled form takes different meanings in different expressions.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "耿耿于怀",
          "traditional": "耿耿於懷",
          "pinyin": "geng3 geng3 yu2 huai2",
          "meaning": "to brood over something; to take it to heart",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 118
        },
        {
          "word": "忠心耿耿",
          "traditional": "忠心耿耿",
          "pinyin": "zhong1 xin1 geng3 geng3",
          "meaning": "loyal and devoted",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 117
        },
        {
          "word": "耿耿",
          "traditional": "耿耿",
          "pinyin": "geng3 geng3",
          "meaning": "bright; devoted; troubled by something",
          "label": "Written",
          "count": 22
        },
        {
          "word": "耿直",
          "traditional": "耿直",
          "pinyin": "geng3 zhi2",
          "meaning": "honest; frank; upright",
          "label": "",
          "count": 16
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "薛",
      "rank": 2888,
      "pinyin": "Xue1",
      "meaning": "the surname Xue",
      "usage": "In modern reading, this is chiefly a surname, so recognizing the name sound Xuē is more useful than hunting for a literal meaning. The examples are names, not ordinary descriptive compounds. Two literary or historical names below are dictionary examples outside this subtitle token list.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "薛定谔",
          "traditional": "薛定諤",
          "pinyin": "Xue1 ding4 e4",
          "meaning": "Erwin Schrödinger, the physicist",
          "label": "Name",
          "count": 56
        },
        {
          "word": "薛仁贵",
          "traditional": "薛仁貴",
          "pinyin": "Xue1 Ren2 gui4",
          "meaning": "Xue Rengui, a Tang-dynasty general",
          "label": "Historical name",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        },
        {
          "word": "薛宝钗",
          "traditional": "薛寶釵",
          "pinyin": "Xue1 Bao3 chai1",
          "meaning": "Xue Baochai, a character in Dream of the Red Chamber",
          "label": "Literary name",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "栖",
      "rank": 2893,
      "pinyin": "qi1",
      "meaning": "to perch; to dwell; to stay",
      "usage": "Usually learned through compounds describing where birds, animals or people live. 栖息 and 栖息地 are useful starting points; 栖身 often refers to temporary lodging. The normal reading in these words is qī; a separate xī reading occurs in the uncommon word 栖栖.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "栖息地",
          "traditional": "棲息地",
          "pinyin": "qi1 xi1 di4",
          "meaning": "habitat",
          "label": "",
          "count": 179
        },
        {
          "word": "栖息",
          "traditional": "棲息",
          "pinyin": "qi1 xi1",
          "meaning": "to perch; to inhabit or dwell",
          "label": "",
          "count": 125
        },
        {
          "word": "栖身",
          "traditional": "棲身",
          "pinyin": "qi1 shen1",
          "meaning": "to lodge; to stay somewhere temporarily",
          "label": "",
          "count": 80
        },
        {
          "word": "两栖动物",
          "traditional": "兩棲動物",
          "pinyin": "liang3 qi1 dong4 wu4",
          "meaning": "amphibian; amphibious animal",
          "label": "",
          "count": 32
        },
        {
          "word": "两栖",
          "traditional": "兩棲",
          "pinyin": "liang3 qi1",
          "meaning": "amphibious; active in two different fields",
          "label": "",
          "count": 30
        },
        {
          "word": "栖居",
          "traditional": "棲居",
          "pinyin": "qi1 ju1",
          "meaning": "to inhabit; to live in a place",
          "label": "",
          "count": 12
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "煞",
      "rank": 2908,
      "pinyin": "sha1 / sha4",
      "meaning": "to stop; fierce or very, depending on the reading",
      "usage": "Learn the reading with the expression: 煞车 and 煞风景 use shā, while 煞费苦心 uses shà. The meanings differ across these fixed words, so one English gloss will not explain every occurrence.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "煞车",
          "traditional": "煞車",
          "pinyin": "sha1 che1",
          "meaning": "to brake",
          "label": "",
          "count": 105
        },
        {
          "word": "凶神恶煞",
          "traditional": "兇神惡煞",
          "pinyin": "xiong1 shen2 e4 sha4",
          "meaning": "a fierce or menacing figure; fiends",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 40
        },
        {
          "word": "煞费苦心",
          "traditional": "煞費苦心",
          "pinyin": "sha4 fei4 ku3 xin1",
          "meaning": "to take great pains over something",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 39
        },
        {
          "word": "煞风景",
          "traditional": "煞風景",
          "pinyin": "sha1 feng1 jing3",
          "meaning": "to spoil the fun; to be an eyesore",
          "label": "",
          "count": 39
        },
        {
          "word": "抹煞",
          "traditional": "抹煞",
          "pinyin": "mo3 sha1",
          "meaning": "to erase; to deny recognition",
          "label": "Variant of 抹杀",
          "count": 13
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "嚎",
      "rank": 2917,
      "pinyin": "hao2",
      "meaning": "to howl; to bawl",
      "usage": "Can be used as a verb for a loud howl or cry, but 嚎叫 and 哀嚎 make the type of sound clearer. It suggests a much louder or more distressed sound than ordinary speaking or quiet crying.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "嚎叫",
          "traditional": "嚎叫",
          "pinyin": "hao2 jiao4",
          "meaning": "to howl; to yell",
          "label": "",
          "count": 190
        },
        {
          "word": "哀嚎",
          "traditional": "哀嚎",
          "pinyin": "ai1 hao2",
          "meaning": "to wail in distress",
          "label": "",
          "count": 97
        },
        {
          "word": "嚎啕大哭",
          "traditional": "嚎啕大哭",
          "pinyin": "hao2 tao2 da4 ku1",
          "meaning": "to bawl; to cry loudly",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 45
        },
        {
          "word": "鬼哭狼嚎",
          "traditional": "鬼哭狼嚎",
          "pinyin": "gui3 ku1 lang2 hao2",
          "meaning": "to wail and scream loudly",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 25
        },
        {
          "word": "嚎啕",
          "traditional": "嚎啕",
          "pinyin": "hao2 tao2",
          "meaning": "to bawl; to wail",
          "label": "",
          "count": 12
        },
        {
          "word": "嚎哭",
          "traditional": "嚎哭",
          "pinyin": "hao2 ku1",
          "meaning": "to cry and howl",
          "label": "",
          "count": 10
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "敷",
      "rank": 2936,
      "pinyin": "fu1",
      "meaning": "to apply; to spread; to be enough",
      "usage": "Often used as a verb with a treatment, such as 敷药 (‘apply medicine’) or 敷面膜 (‘apply a face mask’). In 敷衍, the meaning changes to doing something half-heartedly. 入不敷出 uses the separate sense ‘be sufficient to cover’.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "敷衍",
          "traditional": "敷衍",
          "pinyin": "fu1 yan3",
          "meaning": "to do something half-heartedly; to fob someone off",
          "label": "",
          "count": 181
        },
        {
          "word": "入不敷出",
          "traditional": "入不敷出",
          "pinyin": "ru4 bu4 fu1 chu1",
          "meaning": "income does not cover expenses",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 54
        },
        {
          "word": "敷衍了事",
          "traditional": "敷衍了事",
          "pinyin": "fu1 yan3 liao3 shi4",
          "meaning": "to merely go through the motions",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 39
        },
        {
          "word": "敷料",
          "traditional": "敷料",
          "pinyin": "fu1 liao4",
          "meaning": "medical dressing",
          "label": "",
          "count": 22
        },
        {
          "word": "冷敷",
          "traditional": "冷敷",
          "pinyin": "leng3 fu1",
          "meaning": "to apply a cold compress",
          "label": "",
          "count": 20
        },
        {
          "word": "热敷",
          "traditional": "熱敷",
          "pinyin": "re4 fu1",
          "meaning": "to apply a hot compress",
          "label": "",
          "count": 15
        },
        {
          "word": "外敷",
          "traditional": "外敷",
          "pinyin": "wai4 fu1",
          "meaning": "to apply externally",
          "label": "",
          "count": 5
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "卒",
      "rank": 2950,
      "pinyin": "zu2",
      "meaning": "soldier; chess pawn; to die in historical writing",
      "usage": "Can stand alone for a pawn in Chinese chess. Elsewhere, zú is mostly found in compounds or historical writing, where it can also mean ‘died’. The less common reading cù occurs when 卒 is used as a variant of 猝, meaning ‘sudden’; it is not the reading of the words selected here.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "无名小卒",
          "traditional": "無名小卒",
          "pinyin": "wu2 ming2 xiao3 zu2",
          "meaning": "a nobody; an insignificant person",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 212
        },
        {
          "word": "狱卒",
          "traditional": "獄卒",
          "pinyin": "yu4 zu2",
          "meaning": "jailer in an older historical setting",
          "label": "Historical",
          "count": 74
        },
        {
          "word": "小卒",
          "traditional": "小卒",
          "pinyin": "xiao3 zu2",
          "meaning": "foot soldier; minor figure; chess pawn",
          "label": "",
          "count": 62
        },
        {
          "word": "身先士卒",
          "traditional": "身先士卒",
          "pinyin": "shen1 xian1 shi4 zu2",
          "meaning": "to lead from the front; to take the lead",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 19
        },
        {
          "word": "兵卒",
          "traditional": "兵卒",
          "pinyin": "bing1 zu2",
          "meaning": "soldiers; troops",
          "label": "",
          "count": 12
        },
        {
          "word": "马前卒",
          "traditional": "馬前卒",
          "pinyin": "ma3 qian2 zu2",
          "meaning": "lackey; errand runner",
          "label": "",
          "count": 8
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "凿",
      "rank": 2956,
      "pinyin": "zao2",
      "meaning": "to chisel or bore; certain or irrefutable",
      "usage": "Can be a verb meaning to chisel, bore or dig; the tool itself is normally called 凿子. 确凿 and 言之凿凿 use the extended idea of certainty or conviction. Záo is the reading used here; the dictionary also records zuò as an alternative pronunciation.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "确凿",
          "traditional": "確鑿",
          "pinyin": "que4 zao2",
          "meaning": "conclusive; definite; irrefutable",
          "label": "",
          "count": 179
        },
        {
          "word": "凿子",
          "traditional": "鑿子",
          "pinyin": "zao2 zi5",
          "meaning": "chisel",
          "label": "",
          "count": 54
        },
        {
          "word": "开凿",
          "traditional": "開鑿",
          "pinyin": "kai1 zao2",
          "meaning": "to excavate or cut a canal, tunnel or well",
          "label": "",
          "count": 22
        },
        {
          "word": "言之凿凿",
          "traditional": "言之鑿鑿",
          "pinyin": "yan2 zhi1 zao2 zao2",
          "meaning": "to speak with conviction",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 6
        },
        {
          "word": "凿沉",
          "traditional": "鑿沉",
          "pinyin": "zao2 chen2",
          "meaning": "to scuttle a ship",
          "label": "",
          "count": 3
        },
        {
          "word": "穿凿附会",
          "traditional": "穿鑿附會",
          "pinyin": "chuan1 zao2 fu4 hui4",
          "meaning": "to force an interpretation; to make far-fetched claims",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 2
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "欸",
      "rank": 2960,
      "pinyin": "ei1 / ei2 / ei3 / ei4",
      "meaning": "hey; eh?; hmm; yes",
      "usage": "Usually stands alone as an interjection, so there is no long everyday compound list to learn. Dictionary readings include ēi for attention, éi for surprise, ěi for disapproval, and èi for agreement; delivery and context matter. The unrelated literary compound below is read ǎi nǎi, not ēi nǎi.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "欸乃",
          "traditional": "欸乃",
          "pinyin": "ai3 nai3",
          "meaning": "the creaking sound of an oar",
          "label": "Literary; different reading",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "旱",
      "rank": 2976,
      "pinyin": "han4",
      "meaning": "drought; dry",
      "usage": "Can describe drought or dry conditions, though 干旱 is the fuller common word. Some compounds use a dry-land contrast: 旱冰 is roller skating, and a 旱鸭子 is a person who cannot swim.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "干旱",
          "traditional": "乾旱",
          "pinyin": "gan1 han4",
          "meaning": "drought; arid; dry",
          "label": "",
          "count": 232
        },
        {
          "word": "旱季",
          "traditional": "旱季",
          "pinyin": "han4 ji4",
          "meaning": "dry season",
          "label": "",
          "count": 57
        },
        {
          "word": "旱灾",
          "traditional": "旱災",
          "pinyin": "han4 zai1",
          "meaning": "drought disaster",
          "label": "",
          "count": 51
        },
        {
          "word": "旱冰",
          "traditional": "旱冰",
          "pinyin": "han4 bing1",
          "meaning": "roller skating",
          "label": "",
          "count": 17
        },
        {
          "word": "旱鸭子",
          "traditional": "旱鴨子",
          "pinyin": "han4 ya1 zi5",
          "meaning": "a person who cannot swim",
          "label": "Colloquial",
          "count": 14
        },
        {
          "word": "滑旱冰",
          "traditional": "滑旱冰",
          "pinyin": "hua2 han4 bing1",
          "meaning": "to roller-skate",
          "label": "",
          "count": 11
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "芮",
      "rank": 2983,
      "pinyin": "Rui4",
      "meaning": "the surname Rui; a name component",
      "usage": "Most useful as a surname or name component, rather than an everyday standalone adjective. 芮氏 is a Taiwan usage connected with the Richter scale. 馥芮白 is a sound-based coffee name; its characters are not a literal recipe.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "芮氏",
          "traditional": "芮氏",
          "pinyin": "Rui4 shi4",
          "meaning": "Richter, as in the Richter scale",
          "label": "Taiwan; technical",
          "count": 2
        },
        {
          "word": "芮氏规模",
          "traditional": "芮氏規模",
          "pinyin": "Rui4 shi4 gui1 mo2",
          "meaning": "Richter scale",
          "label": "Taiwan; technical",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        },
        {
          "word": "馥芮白",
          "traditional": "馥芮白",
          "pinyin": "fu4 rui4 bai2",
          "meaning": "flat white coffee",
          "label": "Drink name",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "翩",
      "rank": 3000,
      "pinyin": "pian1",
      "meaning": "to fly swiftly; light and graceful movement",
      "usage": "Usually occurs in 翩翩 or longer expressions rather than as an independent conversational word. Think of light, graceful movement, especially dancing; 联翩 instead describes things coming one after another in literary writing.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "翩翩起舞",
          "traditional": "翩翩起舞",
          "pinyin": "pian1 pian1 qi3 wu3",
          "meaning": "to dance lightly and gracefully",
          "label": "",
          "count": 80
        },
        {
          "word": "翩翩",
          "traditional": "翩翩",
          "pinyin": "pian1 pian1",
          "meaning": "graceful; elegant; moving lightly",
          "label": "",
          "count": 66
        },
        {
          "word": "浮想联翩",
          "traditional": "浮想聯翩",
          "pinyin": "fu2 xiang3 lian2 pian1",
          "meaning": "to let one's imagination roam",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 10
        },
        {
          "word": "联翩",
          "traditional": "聯翩",
          "pinyin": "lian2 pian1",
          "meaning": "in quick succession; wave after wave",
          "label": "Literary",
          "count": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "螟",
      "rank": 3006,
      "pinyin": "ming2",
      "meaning": "crop-boring insect larva",
      "usage": "A specialist agriculture character, not a word you need often in everyday conversation. 螟虫 is the straightforward pest term. 螟蛉 also has a literary adopted-son sense; that older meaning does not mean a person is literally an insect.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "螟蛉",
          "traditional": "螟蛉",
          "pinyin": "ming2 ling2",
          "meaning": "an insect larva; an adopted son in literary usage",
          "label": "Specialist / literary",
          "count": 1
        },
        {
          "word": "螟虫",
          "traditional": "螟蟲",
          "pinyin": "ming2 chong2",
          "meaning": "a crop-boring insect larva; an agricultural pest",
          "label": "Agriculture",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        },
        {
          "word": "螟蛉子",
          "traditional": "螟蛉子",
          "pinyin": "ming2 ling2 zi3",
          "meaning": "an adopted son",
          "label": "Literary",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "藻",
      "rank": 3013,
      "pinyin": "zao3",
      "meaning": "algae; aquatic plants; ornate language in compounds",
      "usage": "Most useful through words such as 海藻 and 藻类, rather than alone in ordinary conversation. In 词藻 or 辞藻, it belongs to a different, figurative family about elaborate language. Learn the whole word to distinguish aquatic life from writing style.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "海藻",
          "traditional": "海藻",
          "pinyin": "hai3 zao3",
          "meaning": "seaweed; marine algae",
          "label": "",
          "count": 239
        },
        {
          "word": "藻类",
          "traditional": "藻類",
          "pinyin": "zao3 lei4",
          "meaning": "algae",
          "label": "",
          "count": 95
        },
        {
          "word": "词藻",
          "traditional": "詞藻",
          "pinyin": "ci2 zao3",
          "meaning": "flowery language; elaborate wording",
          "label": "",
          "count": 19
        },
        {
          "word": "辞藻",
          "traditional": "辭藻",
          "pinyin": "ci2 zao3",
          "meaning": "rhetoric; ornate wording",
          "label": "",
          "count": 19
        },
        {
          "word": "绿藻",
          "traditional": "綠藻",
          "pinyin": "lu:4 zao3",
          "meaning": "green algae",
          "label": "",
          "count": 14
        },
        {
          "word": "硅藻",
          "traditional": "硅藻",
          "pinyin": "gui1 zao3",
          "meaning": "diatom",
          "label": "Technical",
          "count": 5
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "猁",
      "rank": 3014,
      "pinyin": "li4",
      "meaning": "a component of ‘lynx’",
      "usage": "Normally appears only as part of 猞猁, meaning ‘lynx’. It is not an ordinary independent word. Learning this one animal name is a useful and sufficient starting point for the character.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "猞猁",
          "traditional": "猞猁",
          "pinyin": "she1 li4",
          "meaning": "lynx",
          "label": "Animal",
          "count": 6
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "陨",
      "rank": 3031,
      "pinyin": "yun3",
      "meaning": "to fall from the sky",
      "usage": "Mostly used in compounds. 陨石 is a meteorite, while 陨落 can describe falling from the sky or, figuratively, the death or decline of an important figure. Everyday ‘fall down’ is usually 掉 or 落, not 陨 alone.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "陨石",
          "traditional": "隕石",
          "pinyin": "yun3 shi2",
          "meaning": "meteorite",
          "label": "",
          "count": 408
        },
        {
          "word": "陨落",
          "traditional": "隕落",
          "pinyin": "yun3 luo4",
          "meaning": "to fall from the sky; to die or decline",
          "label": "",
          "count": 75
        },
        {
          "word": "陨石坑",
          "traditional": "隕石坑",
          "pinyin": "yun3 shi2 keng1",
          "meaning": "meteorite impact crater",
          "label": "",
          "count": 35
        },
        {
          "word": "陨星",
          "traditional": "隕星",
          "pinyin": "yun3 xing1",
          "meaning": "a falling star; meteorite",
          "label": "",
          "count": 23
        },
        {
          "word": "陨石雨",
          "traditional": "隕石雨",
          "pinyin": "yun3 shi2 yu3",
          "meaning": "meteorite shower",
          "label": "",
          "count": 4
        },
        {
          "word": "陨坑",
          "traditional": "隕坑",
          "pinyin": "yun3 keng1",
          "meaning": "impact crater",
          "label": "",
          "count": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "侬",
      "rank": 3067,
      "pinyin": "nong2",
      "meaning": "you in Wu dialect; I or me in classical usage",
      "usage": "Can be an independent pronoun in Wu dialect, but it is not the usual Mandarin word for ‘you’. Classical writing can use it for ‘I’ or ‘me’. The expression 吴侬软语 connects it with the sound of Wu speech; other appearances may be transliterated names rather than ordinary vocabulary.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "蓝侬",
          "traditional": "藍儂",
          "pinyin": "Lan2 nong2",
          "meaning": "Lennon, as in John Lennon; a Taiwan spelling",
          "label": "Name",
          "count": 10
        },
        {
          "word": "吴侬软语",
          "traditional": "吳儂軟語",
          "pinyin": "Wu2 nong2 ruan3 yu3",
          "meaning": "the soft, melodic speech of the Wu dialects",
          "label": "Literary",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "哉",
      "rank": 3074,
      "pinyin": "zai1",
      "meaning": "an exclamatory or question particle",
      "usage": "A particle associated with classical or literary language, not an ordinary modern question word. You can recognize it at the end of set expressions without using it in daily speech. 悠哉 remains useful for a relaxed, carefree mood.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "善哉",
          "traditional": "善哉",
          "pinyin": "shan4 zai1",
          "meaning": "excellent!; well said!",
          "label": "Literary",
          "count": 57
        },
        {
          "word": "悠哉",
          "traditional": "悠哉",
          "pinyin": "you1 zai1",
          "meaning": "leisurely; carefree",
          "label": "",
          "count": 32
        },
        {
          "word": "悠哉悠哉",
          "traditional": "悠哉悠哉",
          "pinyin": "you1 zai1 you1 zai1",
          "meaning": "relaxed and carefree",
          "label": "Set expression",
          "count": 14
        },
        {
          "word": "呜呼哀哉",
          "traditional": "嗚呼哀哉",
          "pinyin": "wu1 hu1 ai1 zai1",
          "meaning": "alas!; all is lost!",
          "label": "Literary expression",
          "count": 3
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "榨",
      "rank": 3085,
      "pinyin": "zha4",
      "meaning": "to press; to squeeze out juice or oil",
      "usage": "Can function as a verb for pressing or extracting, with the object supplied by the phrase. 榨汁 and 榨汁机 are useful everyday words. 榨干, 压榨 and 榨取 can also describe squeezing resources or effort out of someone, depending on context.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "榨干",
          "traditional": "榨乾",
          "pinyin": "zha4 gan1",
          "meaning": "to squeeze dry; to exhaust someone's resources",
          "label": "",
          "count": 131
        },
        {
          "word": "压榨",
          "traditional": "壓榨",
          "pinyin": "ya1 zha4",
          "meaning": "to press or squeeze out juice or oil; to exploit",
          "label": "",
          "count": 101
        },
        {
          "word": "榨取",
          "traditional": "榨取",
          "pinyin": "zha4 qu3",
          "meaning": "to extract; to squeeze out; to exploit",
          "label": "",
          "count": 54
        },
        {
          "word": "榨汁机",
          "traditional": "榨汁機",
          "pinyin": "zha4 zhi1 ji1",
          "meaning": "juicer",
          "label": "",
          "count": 25
        },
        {
          "word": "榨汁",
          "traditional": "榨汁",
          "pinyin": "zha4 zhi1",
          "meaning": "to juice fruit or vegetables",
          "label": "",
          "count": 23
        },
        {
          "word": "榨菜",
          "traditional": "榨菜",
          "pinyin": "zha4 cai4",
          "meaning": "pickled mustard stem",
          "label": "",
          "count": 4
        },
        {
          "word": "现榨",
          "traditional": "現榨",
          "pinyin": "xian4 zha4",
          "meaning": "freshly squeezed; to extract on the spot",
          "label": "",
          "count": 3
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "钳",
      "rank": 3090,
      "pinyin": "qian2",
      "meaning": "pliers; tongs; to clamp",
      "usage": "Can refer to a gripping tool or act as a verb meaning ‘clamp’, but 钳子 is the useful everyday tool word. Compounds identify particular tools. 钳制 uses the gripping image figuratively for suppressing or controlling.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "钳子",
          "traditional": "鉗子",
          "pinyin": "qian2 zi5",
          "meaning": "pliers; tongs; pincers",
          "label": "",
          "count": 168
        },
        {
          "word": "火钳",
          "traditional": "火鉗",
          "pinyin": "huo3 qian2",
          "meaning": "fire tongs",
          "label": "",
          "count": 26
        },
        {
          "word": "夹钳",
          "traditional": "夾鉗",
          "pinyin": "jia1 qian2",
          "meaning": "tongs; clamp",
          "label": "",
          "count": 23
        },
        {
          "word": "老虎钳",
          "traditional": "老虎鉗",
          "pinyin": "lao3 hu3 qian2",
          "meaning": "pincer pliers; vise",
          "label": "",
          "count": 20
        },
        {
          "word": "钢丝钳",
          "traditional": "鋼絲鉗",
          "pinyin": "gang1 si1 qian2",
          "meaning": "combination pliers; wire-cutting pliers",
          "label": "",
          "count": 10
        },
        {
          "word": "指甲钳",
          "traditional": "指甲鉗",
          "pinyin": "zhi3 jia5 qian2",
          "meaning": "nail clippers",
          "label": "",
          "count": 9
        },
        {
          "word": "钳制",
          "traditional": "鉗制",
          "pinyin": "qian2 zhi4",
          "meaning": "to suppress; to keep under control",
          "label": "",
          "count": 9
        },
        {
          "word": "钳住",
          "traditional": "鉗住",
          "pinyin": "qian2 zhu4",
          "meaning": "to clamp; to pin down",
          "label": "",
          "count": 8
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "阑",
      "rank": 3094,
      "pinyin": "lan2",
      "meaning": "railing; late; waning or exhausted",
      "usage": "Usually found in compounds rather than used alone in everyday conversation. 阑尾 and 阑尾炎 are useful modern anatomical terms. In literary expressions such as 夜阑 or 阑珊, the character instead concerns lateness or something drawing to a close.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "阑尾",
          "traditional": "闌尾",
          "pinyin": "lan2 wei3",
          "meaning": "appendix",
          "label": "Anatomy",
          "count": 74
        },
        {
          "word": "阑尾炎",
          "traditional": "闌尾炎",
          "pinyin": "lan2 wei3 yan2",
          "meaning": "appendicitis",
          "label": "Medical term",
          "count": 45
        },
        {
          "word": "夜阑人静",
          "traditional": "夜闌人靜",
          "pinyin": "ye4 lan2 ren2 jing4",
          "meaning": "late at night when all is quiet",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 7
        },
        {
          "word": "阑珊",
          "traditional": "闌珊",
          "pinyin": "lan2 shan1",
          "meaning": "waning; drawing to an end",
          "label": "Literary",
          "count": 3
        },
        {
          "word": "夜阑",
          "traditional": "夜闌",
          "pinyin": "ye4 lan2",
          "meaning": "late at night; the dead of night",
          "label": "Literary",
          "count": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "秽",
      "rank": 3097,
      "pinyin": "hui4",
      "meaning": "dirty; filthy",
      "usage": "A bound component, normally learned through words rather than used alone. It can refer to physical filth or to obscene language; 自惭形秽 is a figurative expression about feeling inferior, not physical dirt.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "污秽",
          "traditional": "污穢",
          "pinyin": "wu1 hui4",
          "meaning": "filthy; filth",
          "label": "Literary",
          "count": 288
        },
        {
          "word": "淫秽",
          "traditional": "淫穢",
          "pinyin": "yin2 hui4",
          "meaning": "obscene; indecent",
          "label": "",
          "count": 122
        },
        {
          "word": "自惭形秽",
          "traditional": "自慚形穢",
          "pinyin": "zi4 can2 xing2 hui4",
          "meaning": "to feel inferior or inadequate",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 17
        },
        {
          "word": "污言秽语",
          "traditional": "污言穢語",
          "pinyin": "wu1 yan2 hui4 yu3",
          "meaning": "filthy language; obscenities",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 15
        },
        {
          "word": "秽语",
          "traditional": "穢語",
          "pinyin": "hui4 yu3",
          "meaning": "obscene language",
          "label": "",
          "count": 14
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "咻",
      "rank": 3133,
      "pinyin": "xiu1",
      "meaning": "to call out or jeer; a component in sound expressions",
      "usage": "Meet this character through sound-related expressions rather than as a general everyday verb. 呼咻 imitates a whooshing sound, while 气咻咻 describes panting. 嘿咻 has a separate colloquial sexual meaning, so it is useful to recognize the whole expression.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "嘿咻",
          "traditional": "嘿咻",
          "pinyin": "hei1 xiu1",
          "meaning": "to have sex; to make love",
          "label": "Colloquial",
          "count": 249
        },
        {
          "word": "呼咻",
          "traditional": "呼咻",
          "pinyin": "hu1 xiu1",
          "meaning": "whoosh; a whooshing sound",
          "label": "Sound word",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        },
        {
          "word": "气咻咻",
          "traditional": "氣咻咻",
          "pinyin": "qi4 xiu1 xiu1",
          "meaning": "panting; gasping for breath",
          "label": "",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "吠",
      "rank": 3151,
      "pinyin": "fei4",
      "meaning": "to bark",
      "usage": "Can stand alone as a written verb for a dog's bark. In ordinary conversation, 狗叫 is also a natural way to say a dog is barking. In the name 吠陀, the sound is used to transcribe ‘Veda’ and does not mean barking.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "吠陀",
          "traditional": "吠陀",
          "pinyin": "fei4 tuo2",
          "meaning": "the Vedas; Hindu sacred writings",
          "label": "Transliterated name",
          "count": 114
        },
        {
          "word": "吠叫",
          "traditional": "吠叫",
          "pinyin": "fei4 jiao4",
          "meaning": "to bark; to yelp",
          "label": "",
          "count": 74
        },
        {
          "word": "狂吠",
          "traditional": "狂吠",
          "pinyin": "kuang2 fei4",
          "meaning": "to bark furiously",
          "label": "",
          "count": 50
        },
        {
          "word": "狗吠",
          "traditional": "狗吠",
          "pinyin": "gou3 fei4",
          "meaning": "a dog's bark; to bark",
          "label": "",
          "count": 37
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "烙",
      "rank": 3153,
      "pinyin": "lao4",
      "meaning": "to brand; to cook on a griddle",
      "usage": "Can be a verb, especially in 烙饼, cooking flatbread on a griddle. 烙印 is a physical brand or a figurative lasting mark. The useful reading for these words is lào; another dictionary reading, luò, belongs to a different historical expression.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "烙印",
          "traditional": "烙印",
          "pinyin": "lao4 yin4",
          "meaning": "a brand; to leave a lasting mark",
          "label": "",
          "count": 241
        },
        {
          "word": "烙铁",
          "traditional": "烙鐵",
          "pinyin": "lao4 tie5",
          "meaning": "branding iron; soldering iron",
          "label": "",
          "count": 30
        },
        {
          "word": "烙饼",
          "traditional": "烙餅",
          "pinyin": "lao4 bing3",
          "meaning": "griddle cake; flatbread",
          "label": "",
          "count": 28
        },
        {
          "word": "电烙铁",
          "traditional": "電烙鐵",
          "pinyin": "dian4 lao4 tie5",
          "meaning": "electric soldering iron",
          "label": "",
          "count": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "羁",
      "rank": 3155,
      "pinyin": "ji1",
      "meaning": "bridle; to restrain or detain; to lodge away from home",
      "usage": "Normally found in compounds, not used alone in ordinary conversation. One family concerns restraint or detention, such as 羁押; another concerns living away from home, as in the literary 羁旅. 不羁 describes a person or spirit that is not held back.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "羁绊",
          "traditional": "羈絆",
          "pinyin": "ji1 ban4",
          "meaning": "restraint; fetters; to hinder or hold back",
          "label": "",
          "count": 216
        },
        {
          "word": "羁押",
          "traditional": "羈押",
          "pinyin": "ji1 ya1",
          "meaning": "to hold in custody; detention",
          "label": "",
          "count": 104
        },
        {
          "word": "不羁",
          "traditional": "不羈",
          "pinyin": "bu4 ji1",
          "meaning": "unrestrained; uninhibited; unruly",
          "label": "",
          "count": 77
        },
        {
          "word": "放荡不羁",
          "traditional": "放蕩不羈",
          "pinyin": "fang4 dang4 bu4 ji1",
          "meaning": "unrestrained and dissolute",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 43
        },
        {
          "word": "羁留",
          "traditional": "羈留",
          "pinyin": "ji1 liu2",
          "meaning": "to detain; to stay",
          "label": "",
          "count": 19
        },
        {
          "word": "羁旅",
          "traditional": "羈旅",
          "pinyin": "ji1 lu:3",
          "meaning": "to live far from home; a person living in a distant land",
          "label": "Literary",
          "count": 3
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "骇",
      "rank": 3165,
      "pinyin": "hai4",
      "meaning": "to startle; to shock",
      "usage": "Usually appears in compounds about shock or fear. 骇客 is a sound-based computing word for ‘hacker’, so its meaning is not simply a frightening guest. Learn the whole compound rather than translating its characters separately.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "骇人",
          "traditional": "駭人",
          "pinyin": "hai4 ren2",
          "meaning": "terrifying; shocking",
          "label": "",
          "count": 116
        },
        {
          "word": "骇人听闻",
          "traditional": "駭人聽聞",
          "pinyin": "hai4 ren2 ting1 wen2",
          "meaning": "shocking; horrifying",
          "label": "Set expression",
          "count": 103
        },
        {
          "word": "骇客",
          "traditional": "駭客",
          "pinyin": "hai4 ke4",
          "meaning": "hacker",
          "label": "Computing",
          "count": 96
        },
        {
          "word": "惊骇",
          "traditional": "驚駭",
          "pinyin": "jing1 hai4",
          "meaning": "shocked; appalled; terrified",
          "label": "",
          "count": 28
        },
        {
          "word": "惊世骇俗",
          "traditional": "驚世駭俗",
          "pinyin": "jing1 shi4 hai4 su2",
          "meaning": "shocking to society",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 22
        },
        {
          "word": "骇然",
          "traditional": "駭然",
          "pinyin": "hai4 ran2",
          "meaning": "aghast; overwhelmed with shock",
          "label": "",
          "count": 6
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "甭",
      "rank": 3176,
      "pinyin": "beng2",
      "meaning": "need not; don't bother",
      "usage": "Commonly stands alone before a verb as a conversational contraction of 不用. For example, 甭担心 means ‘don't worry’. It is worth recognizing as a complete spoken word, not only as a component of a compound.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "甭管",
          "traditional": "甭管",
          "pinyin": "beng2 guan3",
          "meaning": "regardless of; no matter",
          "label": "Colloquial",
          "count": 46
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "滔",
      "rank": 3179,
      "pinyin": "tao1",
      "meaning": "torrent; overwhelming flow",
      "usage": "Mostly encountered in compounds, especially 滔滔不绝 for someone talking on and on. The original image is a powerful flow of water. 滔天 extends that image to something immense or overwhelming.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "滔滔不绝",
          "traditional": "滔滔不絕",
          "pinyin": "tao1 tao1 bu4 jue2",
          "meaning": "to talk on and on; a torrent of words",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 79
        },
        {
          "word": "滔滔",
          "traditional": "滔滔",
          "pinyin": "tao1 tao1",
          "meaning": "torrential; flowing continuously",
          "label": "",
          "count": 40
        },
        {
          "word": "滔天",
          "traditional": "滔天",
          "pinyin": "tao1 tian1",
          "meaning": "overwhelming; towering; immense",
          "label": "",
          "count": 36
        },
        {
          "word": "滔天大罪",
          "traditional": "滔天大罪",
          "pinyin": "tao1 tian1 da4 zui4",
          "meaning": "a heinous crime",
          "label": "",
          "count": 26
        },
        {
          "word": "罪恶滔天",
          "traditional": "罪惡滔天",
          "pinyin": "zui4 e4 tao1 tian1",
          "meaning": "to have committed enormous crimes",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 13
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "扉",
      "rank": 3190,
      "pinyin": "fei1",
      "meaning": "door leaf; a doorway",
      "usage": "A literary door character rather than the everyday 门. 心扉 is a figurative doorway to someone's inner feelings, especially in 打开心扉 (‘open one's heart’). 扉页 is a separate book-related term.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "心扉",
          "traditional": "心扉",
          "pinyin": "xin1 fei1",
          "meaning": "inner heart; innermost feelings",
          "label": "Figurative",
          "count": 398
        },
        {
          "word": "扉页",
          "traditional": "扉頁",
          "pinyin": "fei1 ye4",
          "meaning": "title page; flyleaf",
          "label": "Books",
          "count": 3
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "涩",
      "rank": 3207,
      "pinyin": "se4",
      "meaning": "astringent; rough; difficult to understand",
      "usage": "Can describe an astringent taste or an unsmooth feeling on its own. Compounds extend that idea to shyness, inexperience, dry discomfort, and hard-to-follow writing. Learn the whole word, since the English meaning changes with its partner.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "羞涩",
          "traditional": "羞澀",
          "pinyin": "xiu1 se4",
          "meaning": "shy; bashful",
          "label": "",
          "count": 90
        },
        {
          "word": "苦涩",
          "traditional": "苦澀",
          "pinyin": "ku3 se4",
          "meaning": "bitter and astringent; emotionally painful",
          "label": "",
          "count": 87
        },
        {
          "word": "晦涩",
          "traditional": "晦澀",
          "pinyin": "hui4 se4",
          "meaning": "obscure; difficult to understand",
          "label": "",
          "count": 41
        },
        {
          "word": "青涩",
          "traditional": "青澀",
          "pinyin": "qing1 se4",
          "meaning": "unripe; young and inexperienced",
          "label": "",
          "count": 33
        },
        {
          "word": "干涩",
          "traditional": "乾澀",
          "pinyin": "gan1 se4",
          "meaning": "dry and rough; hoarse",
          "label": "",
          "count": 12
        },
        {
          "word": "生涩",
          "traditional": "生澀",
          "pinyin": "sheng1 se4",
          "meaning": "unripe; unpracticed; lacking fluency",
          "label": "",
          "count": 9
        },
        {
          "word": "囊中羞涩",
          "traditional": "囊中羞澀",
          "pinyin": "nang2 zhong1 xiu1 se4",
          "meaning": "embarrassingly short of money",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 7
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "瓁",
      "rank": 3221,
      "pinyin": "wo4",
      "meaning": "uncarved jade",
      "usage": "A rare dictionary character read wò. Its meaning is ‘uncarved jade’; it is not an everyday conversational word. Recognizing the character and its pronunciation is the focus here.",
      "words": [],
      "noCompounds": "No compound entries containing 瓁 were found in the downloaded CC-CEDICT edition. This page therefore focuses on the character itself, without inventing common vocabulary examples."
    },
    {
      "character": "榈",
      "rank": 3248,
      "pinyin": "lu:2",
      "meaning": "a component of ‘palm tree’",
      "usage": "Normally learned in 棕榈, not used independently in everyday speech. 棕榈树 repeats the tree meaning explicitly, and 棕榈油 is palm oil. The pronunciation is lǘ, with an umlaut and second tone.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "棕榈",
          "traditional": "棕櫚",
          "pinyin": "zong1 lu:2",
          "meaning": "palm tree",
          "label": "",
          "count": 196
        },
        {
          "word": "棕榈树",
          "traditional": "棕櫚樹",
          "pinyin": "zong1 lu:2 shu4",
          "meaning": "palm tree",
          "label": "",
          "count": 119
        },
        {
          "word": "棕榈油",
          "traditional": "棕櫚油",
          "pinyin": "zong1 lu:2 you2",
          "meaning": "palm oil",
          "label": "",
          "count": 22
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "刁",
      "rank": 3271,
      "pinyin": "diao1",
      "meaning": "crafty; difficult; the surname Diao",
      "usage": "Can be used alone to describe someone or something as difficult or tricky, and it is also a surname. 刁难 means deliberately making things hard for someone. Learn 刁钻 as a whole word, not as a literal reference to drilling.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "刁难",
          "traditional": "刁難",
          "pinyin": "diao1 nan4",
          "meaning": "to deliberately make things difficult for someone",
          "label": "",
          "count": 100
        },
        {
          "word": "刁民",
          "traditional": "刁民",
          "pinyin": "diao1 min2",
          "meaning": "unruly people",
          "label": "Derogatory",
          "count": 27
        },
        {
          "word": "刁钻",
          "traditional": "刁鑽",
          "pinyin": "diao1 zuan1",
          "meaning": "tricky; crafty",
          "label": "",
          "count": 25
        },
        {
          "word": "刁蛮",
          "traditional": "刁蠻",
          "pinyin": "diao1 man2",
          "meaning": "willful; unruly",
          "label": "",
          "count": 12
        },
        {
          "word": "百般刁难",
          "traditional": "百般刁難",
          "pinyin": "bai3 ban1 diao1 nan4",
          "meaning": "to create every kind of obstacle",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 2
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "殡",
      "rank": 3273,
      "pinyin": "bin4",
      "meaning": "funeral; burial arrangements",
      "usage": "Normally a component of words about funerals, rather than an independent conversational word. 殡仪馆 is the useful place name to recognize. 出殡 and 送殡 refer to the funeral procession or accompanying the deceased.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "殡仪馆",
          "traditional": "殯儀館",
          "pinyin": "bin4 yi2 guan3",
          "meaning": "funeral home",
          "label": "",
          "count": 217
        },
        {
          "word": "殡葬",
          "traditional": "殯葬",
          "pinyin": "bin4 zang4",
          "meaning": "funeral and burial",
          "label": "",
          "count": 62
        },
        {
          "word": "殡仪",
          "traditional": "殯儀",
          "pinyin": "bin4 yi2",
          "meaning": "funeral rites or arrangements",
          "label": "",
          "count": 57
        },
        {
          "word": "出殡",
          "traditional": "出殯",
          "pinyin": "chu1 bin4",
          "meaning": "to hold a funeral procession; to take the deceased for burial",
          "label": "",
          "count": 30
        },
        {
          "word": "送殡",
          "traditional": "送殯",
          "pinyin": "song4 bin4",
          "meaning": "to take part in a funeral procession",
          "label": "",
          "count": 14
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "畸",
      "rank": 3284,
      "pinyin": "ji1",
      "meaning": "abnormal; irregular; unbalanced",
      "usage": "Mostly found in compounds, often technical ones. 畸形 can describe a physical malformation or a figuratively distorted development. 正畸 is a useful dental term; the character itself is not the ordinary standalone word for ‘strange’.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "畸形",
          "traditional": "畸形",
          "pinyin": "ji1 xing2",
          "meaning": "malformed; distorted; unbalanced",
          "label": "",
          "count": 316
        },
        {
          "word": "畸变",
          "traditional": "畸變",
          "pinyin": "ji1 bian4",
          "meaning": "distortion; aberration",
          "label": "Technical",
          "count": 17
        },
        {
          "word": "正畸",
          "traditional": "正畸",
          "pinyin": "zheng4 ji1",
          "meaning": "orthodontics",
          "label": "Dentistry",
          "count": 1
        },
        {
          "word": "致畸",
          "traditional": "致畸",
          "pinyin": "zhi4 ji1",
          "meaning": "causing developmental malformation; teratogenic",
          "label": "Technical",
          "count": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "阉",
      "rank": 3292,
      "pinyin": "yan1",
      "meaning": "to castrate; to neuter",
      "usage": "Can be a verb by itself, though 阉割 is the fuller word. The topic is anatomical or historical, rather than a broad everyday vocabulary family. 阉割 can also be used figuratively for removing an important ability or function.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "阉割",
          "traditional": "閹割",
          "pinyin": "yan1 ge1",
          "meaning": "to castrate; figuratively, to strip of power or function",
          "label": "",
          "count": 116
        },
        {
          "word": "阉人",
          "traditional": "閹人",
          "pinyin": "yan1 ren2",
          "meaning": "a castrated man; eunuch",
          "label": "Historical usage",
          "count": 19
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "醺",
      "rank": 3308,
      "pinyin": "xun1",
      "meaning": "intoxicated; tipsy",
      "usage": "Normally found in compounds rather than used alone. 醉醺醺 describes someone visibly drunk; 微醺 suggests being lightly tipsy. These two words provide the main useful contrast for recognizing the character.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "醉醺醺",
          "traditional": "醉醺醺",
          "pinyin": "zui4 xun1 xun1",
          "meaning": "drunk; visibly intoxicated",
          "label": "",
          "count": 181
        },
        {
          "word": "微醺",
          "traditional": "微醺",
          "pinyin": "wei1 xun1",
          "meaning": "slightly drunk; tipsy",
          "label": "",
          "count": 15
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "遏",
      "rank": 3327,
      "pinyin": "e4",
      "meaning": "to restrain; to hold back",
      "usage": "Usually found in formal compounds rather than used alone in conversation. 遏制 is useful for containing a problem or holding back a trend; 怒不可遏 describes anger that cannot be restrained.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "遏制",
          "traditional": "遏制",
          "pinyin": "e4 zhi4",
          "meaning": "to restrain; to contain",
          "label": "",
          "count": 108
        },
        {
          "word": "怒不可遏",
          "traditional": "怒不可遏",
          "pinyin": "nu4 bu4 ke3 e4",
          "meaning": "unable to restrain one's anger",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 46
        },
        {
          "word": "遏止",
          "traditional": "遏止",
          "pinyin": "e4 zhi3",
          "meaning": "to halt; to hold back",
          "label": "",
          "count": 26
        },
        {
          "word": "遏阻",
          "traditional": "遏阻",
          "pinyin": "e4 zu3",
          "meaning": "to deter; to stop",
          "label": "",
          "count": 3
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "馈",
      "rank": 3338,
      "pinyin": "kui4",
      "meaning": "to give; to send back",
      "usage": "Normally a component of words. 反馈 is the main modern information-related word to learn first. 回馈 can mean giving something back in return, while 馈赠 refers to presenting a gift.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "反馈",
          "traditional": "反饋",
          "pinyin": "fan3 kui4",
          "meaning": "feedback; to send back information",
          "label": "",
          "count": 171
        },
        {
          "word": "回馈",
          "traditional": "回饋",
          "pinyin": "hui2 kui4",
          "meaning": "to give back; to repay a favor; feedback",
          "label": "",
          "count": 102
        },
        {
          "word": "馈赠",
          "traditional": "饋贈",
          "pinyin": "kui4 zeng4",
          "meaning": "to present a gift",
          "label": "",
          "count": 64
        },
        {
          "word": "馈送",
          "traditional": "饋送",
          "pinyin": "kui4 song4",
          "meaning": "to present; to feed a signal or material into a device",
          "label": "",
          "count": 4
        },
        {
          "word": "正反馈",
          "traditional": "正反饋",
          "pinyin": "zheng4 fan3 kui4",
          "meaning": "positive feedback",
          "label": "Technical",
          "count": 2
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "淮",
      "rank": 3350,
      "pinyin": "Huai2",
      "meaning": "the Huai River; a place-name component",
      "usage": "A geographic name character, not an ordinary descriptive word. It names the Huai River and appears in related regional and city names. In 淮山 it is part of a food name for Chinese yam.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "淮安",
          "traditional": "淮安",
          "pinyin": "Huai2 an1",
          "meaning": "Huai'an",
          "label": "Place",
          "count": 10
        },
        {
          "word": "秦淮河",
          "traditional": "秦淮河",
          "pinyin": "Qin2 huai2 He2",
          "meaning": "the Qinhuai River in Nanjing",
          "label": "Place",
          "count": 4
        },
        {
          "word": "淮海",
          "traditional": "淮海",
          "pinyin": "Huai2 hai3",
          "meaning": "the Huaihai region",
          "label": "Place",
          "count": 3
        },
        {
          "word": "淮南",
          "traditional": "淮南",
          "pinyin": "Huai2 nan2",
          "meaning": "south of the Huai River; Huainan",
          "label": "Place",
          "count": 2
        },
        {
          "word": "淮山",
          "traditional": "淮山",
          "pinyin": "huai2 shan1",
          "meaning": "Chinese yam",
          "label": "",
          "count": 2
        },
        {
          "word": "淮河",
          "traditional": "淮河",
          "pinyin": "Huai2 He2",
          "meaning": "the Huai River",
          "label": "Place",
          "count": 2
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "熨",
      "rank": 3351,
      "pinyin": "yun4",
      "meaning": "to iron; clothes iron",
      "usage": "For ironing clothes, read this character yùn: 熨斗 is an iron and 熨烫 means to iron. The dictionary also has a separate yù reading meaning smooth or reconciled; it is not the reading used in these clothes-care words.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "熨斗",
          "traditional": "熨斗",
          "pinyin": "yun4 dou3",
          "meaning": "clothes iron",
          "label": "",
          "count": 76
        },
        {
          "word": "熨烫",
          "traditional": "熨燙",
          "pinyin": "yun4 tang4",
          "meaning": "to iron clothes",
          "label": "",
          "count": 25
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "幺",
      "rank": 3356,
      "pinyin": "yao1",
      "meaning": "one when reading digits; youngest",
      "usage": "Can be used alone when reading out digits, with yāo standing for ‘one’ to reduce confusion. In family words it means the youngest child. It is different from 么 in 怎么, which has another pronunciation and function.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "老幺",
          "traditional": "老么",
          "pinyin": "lao3 yao1",
          "meaning": "the youngest child",
          "label": "Colloquial",
          "count": 24
        },
        {
          "word": "幺儿",
          "traditional": "么兒",
          "pinyin": "yao1 er2",
          "meaning": "youngest son",
          "label": "Colloquial",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        },
        {
          "word": "幺女",
          "traditional": "么女",
          "pinyin": "yao1 nu:3",
          "meaning": "youngest daughter",
          "label": "Colloquial",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "盉",
      "rank": 3359,
      "pinyin": "he2",
      "meaning": "an ancient wine-warming vessel",
      "usage": "An uncommon historical noun for a kettle-like vessel with three or four legs, used to warm wine. It is most relevant in descriptions of ancient objects, rather than everyday conversation. The current dictionary extract has no selected compound example.",
      "words": [],
      "noCompounds": "This page focuses on the character itself; no compound example was selected from the current CC-CEDICT entries."
    },
    {
      "character": "酮",
      "rank": 3365,
      "pinyin": "tong2",
      "meaning": "ketone",
      "usage": "A chemistry term that can stand alone as the name of a chemical class. It also occurs in names of substances. Recognize these as scientific vocabulary; the character does not supply a useful everyday conversational word family.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "睾酮",
          "traditional": "睪酮",
          "pinyin": "gao1 tong2",
          "meaning": "testosterone",
          "label": "Scientific term",
          "count": 43
        },
        {
          "word": "丙酮",
          "traditional": "丙酮",
          "pinyin": "bing3 tong2",
          "meaning": "acetone",
          "label": "Chemistry",
          "count": 27
        },
        {
          "word": "硅酮",
          "traditional": "硅酮",
          "pinyin": "gui1 tong2",
          "meaning": "silicone",
          "label": "Materials",
          "count": 4
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "缔",
      "rank": 3369,
      "pinyin": "di4",
      "meaning": "to establish; to form a lasting union",
      "usage": "Normally appears in formal compounds. 缔结 concerns concluding an agreement, while 缔造 is founding or creating something substantial. 取缔 has a different meaning, suppressing or prohibiting an activity, and should be learned as a whole word.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "取缔",
          "traditional": "取締",
          "pinyin": "qu3 di4",
          "meaning": "to suppress; to prohibit; to crack down on",
          "label": "",
          "count": 98
        },
        {
          "word": "缔造",
          "traditional": "締造",
          "pinyin": "di4 zao4",
          "meaning": "to found; to create",
          "label": "",
          "count": 63
        },
        {
          "word": "缔结",
          "traditional": "締結",
          "pinyin": "di4 jie2",
          "meaning": "to conclude an agreement",
          "label": "",
          "count": 59
        },
        {
          "word": "缔造者",
          "traditional": "締造者",
          "pinyin": "di4 zao4 zhe3",
          "meaning": "founder; creator",
          "label": "",
          "count": 32
        },
        {
          "word": "缔约方",
          "traditional": "締約方",
          "pinyin": "di4 yue1 fang1",
          "meaning": "a party to a treaty or contract",
          "label": "Formal",
          "count": 10
        },
        {
          "word": "缔约",
          "traditional": "締約",
          "pinyin": "di4 yue1",
          "meaning": "to conclude a treaty",
          "label": "",
          "count": 5
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "蟀",
      "rank": 3371,
      "pinyin": "shuai4",
      "meaning": "a component of ‘cricket’",
      "usage": "Normally appears in 蟋蟀, the insect cricket. It is not an ordinary independent word. Learning the complete two-character animal name is the useful first step.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "蟋蟀",
          "traditional": "蟋蟀",
          "pinyin": "xi1 shuai4",
          "meaning": "cricket",
          "label": "Insect",
          "count": 253
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "帚",
      "rank": 3386,
      "pinyin": "zhou3",
      "meaning": "broom",
      "usage": "Although 帚 means ‘broom’, everyday speech normally uses 扫帚 or 笤帚. On its own it is zhǒu; the final syllable is neutral-tone zhou in those two common words. The idiom 敝帚自珍 keeps the full third tone.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "扫帚",
          "traditional": "掃帚",
          "pinyin": "sao4 zhou5",
          "meaning": "broom",
          "label": "",
          "count": 269
        },
        {
          "word": "笤帚",
          "traditional": "笤帚",
          "pinyin": "tiao2 zhou5",
          "meaning": "small broom; whisk broom",
          "label": "",
          "count": 21
        },
        {
          "word": "扫帚星",
          "traditional": "掃帚星",
          "pinyin": "sao4 zhou5 xing1",
          "meaning": "jinx; someone believed to bring bad luck; comet",
          "label": "",
          "count": 20
        },
        {
          "word": "敝帚自珍",
          "traditional": "敝帚自珍",
          "pinyin": "bi4 zhou3 zi4 zhen1",
          "meaning": "to treasure something because it is one's own",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 3
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "吭",
      "rank": 3389,
      "pinyin": "keng1 / hang2",
      "meaning": "to make a sound; throat",
      "usage": "Read kēng in 吭声 and 一声不吭, both about whether someone makes a sound. The háng reading means throat and survives in the literary expression 引吭高歌. Learn the reading with its expression.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "一声不吭",
          "traditional": "一聲不吭",
          "pinyin": "yi1 sheng1 bu4 keng1",
          "meaning": "not to say a word",
          "label": "",
          "count": 98
        },
        {
          "word": "吭声",
          "traditional": "吭聲",
          "pinyin": "keng1 sheng1",
          "meaning": "to utter a word; to speak up",
          "label": "",
          "count": 36
        },
        {
          "word": "吭气",
          "traditional": "吭氣",
          "pinyin": "keng1 qi4",
          "meaning": "to make a sound",
          "label": "",
          "count": 13
        },
        {
          "word": "引吭高歌",
          "traditional": "引吭高歌",
          "pinyin": "yin3 hang2 gao1 ge1",
          "meaning": "to sing at the top of one's voice",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 10
        },
        {
          "word": "吭哧",
          "traditional": "吭哧",
          "pinyin": "keng1 chi5",
          "meaning": "to puff and pant; to whimper",
          "label": "",
          "count": 8
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "瘀",
      "rank": 3390,
      "pinyin": "yu1",
      "meaning": "bruising; blood outside its usual vessels",
      "usage": "Mostly used in health-related compounds. 瘀伤 is bruising or a bruise. The character is not usually used alone in ordinary conversation; learning the word is more useful than memorizing a technical single-character gloss.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "瘀伤",
          "traditional": "瘀傷",
          "pinyin": "yu1 shang1",
          "meaning": "bruise; bruising",
          "label": "",
          "count": 180
        },
        {
          "word": "瘀血",
          "traditional": "瘀血",
          "pinyin": "yu1 xue4",
          "meaning": "blood that has collected or clotted in tissue",
          "label": "Medical term",
          "count": 17
        },
        {
          "word": "瘀斑",
          "traditional": "瘀斑",
          "pinyin": "yu1 ban1",
          "meaning": "a patch of bruising",
          "label": "Medical term",
          "count": 9
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "蠕",
      "rank": 3400,
      "pinyin": "ru2",
      "meaning": "to squirm; to wriggle",
      "usage": "Usually occurs in compounds, especially 蠕动 and 蠕虫, rather than as a standalone conversational word. The same slow movement idea appears in technical vocabulary: 蠕变 is the gradual deformation of a material, while 肠蠕动 refers to the movement of the intestine.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "蠕虫",
          "traditional": "蠕蟲",
          "pinyin": "ru2 chong2",
          "meaning": "worm",
          "label": "",
          "count": 201
        },
        {
          "word": "蠕动",
          "traditional": "蠕動",
          "pinyin": "ru2 dong4",
          "meaning": "to wriggle or squirm; peristalsis",
          "label": "",
          "count": 67
        },
        {
          "word": "蠕变",
          "traditional": "蠕變",
          "pinyin": "ru2 bian4",
          "meaning": "creep; gradual deformation of a material",
          "label": "Technical",
          "count": 36
        },
        {
          "word": "肠蠕动",
          "traditional": "腸蠕動",
          "pinyin": "chang2 ru2 dong4",
          "meaning": "intestinal peristalsis",
          "label": "Technical",
          "count": 4
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "挛",
      "rank": 3433,
      "pinyin": "luan2",
      "meaning": "to cramp; to spasm",
      "usage": "A bound component chiefly found in medical vocabulary. 痉挛 is the main word to recognize first. For everyday conversation about a muscle cramp, 抽筋 is another useful word, but it does not contain 挛.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "痉挛",
          "traditional": "痙攣",
          "pinyin": "jing4 luan2",
          "meaning": "spasm; convulsion",
          "label": "",
          "count": 207
        },
        {
          "word": "挛缩",
          "traditional": "攣縮",
          "pinyin": "luan2 suo1",
          "meaning": "contracture; persistent shortening of tissue",
          "label": "Medical term",
          "count": 3
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "倔",
      "rank": 3447,
      "pinyin": "jue2 / jue4",
      "meaning": "stubborn; surly",
      "usage": "Read jué in 倔强, the main word for ‘stubborn’ or ‘unyielding’. The dictionary also gives juè for the gruff or surly sense. The two readings are a reason to learn the pronunciation with its word.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "倔强",
          "traditional": "倔強",
          "pinyin": "jue2 jiang4",
          "meaning": "stubborn; obstinate; unyielding",
          "label": "",
          "count": 121
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "硅",
      "rank": 3461,
      "pinyin": "gui1",
      "meaning": "silicon",
      "usage": "Can stand alone as the chemical element silicon and also appears in material and technology terms. 硅 is the usual mainland term; 矽 is another term used especially in Taiwan. Distinguish silicon, the element, from silicone materials such as 硅酮 or 硅橡胶.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "硅谷",
          "traditional": "硅谷",
          "pinyin": "Gui1 gu3",
          "meaning": "Silicon Valley",
          "label": "Place",
          "count": 74
        },
        {
          "word": "硅胶",
          "traditional": "硅膠",
          "pinyin": "gui1 jiao1",
          "meaning": "silica gel; silicone rubber, depending on context",
          "label": "",
          "count": 40
        },
        {
          "word": "硅酸盐",
          "traditional": "硅酸鹽",
          "pinyin": "gui1 suan1 yan2",
          "meaning": "silicate",
          "label": "Technical",
          "count": 11
        },
        {
          "word": "二氧化硅",
          "traditional": "二氧化硅",
          "pinyin": "er4 yang3 hua4 gui1",
          "meaning": "silicon dioxide; silica",
          "label": "Technical",
          "count": 7
        },
        {
          "word": "硅基",
          "traditional": "硅基",
          "pinyin": "gui1 ji1",
          "meaning": "silicon-based",
          "label": "",
          "count": 5
        },
        {
          "word": "硅酮",
          "traditional": "硅酮",
          "pinyin": "gui1 tong2",
          "meaning": "silicone",
          "label": "Technical",
          "count": 4
        },
        {
          "word": "硅片",
          "traditional": "硅片",
          "pinyin": "gui1 pian4",
          "meaning": "silicon wafer",
          "label": "Technical",
          "count": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "憬",
      "rank": 3470,
      "pinyin": "jing3",
      "meaning": "to become aware; a component of ‘look forward to’",
      "usage": "Most useful in 憧憬, meaning to look forward to or long for something. 憬 alone is not a common conversational word. Learning the complete compound gives a much clearer meaning than the single-character gloss ‘awaken’.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "憧憬",
          "traditional": "憧憬",
          "pinyin": "chong1 jing3",
          "meaning": "to look forward to; to long for",
          "label": "",
          "count": 297
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "铀",
      "rank": 3471,
      "pinyin": "you2",
      "meaning": "uranium",
      "usage": "Can stand alone as the name of the element uranium, especially in science or news. Compounds describe forms of the material. These are technical vocabulary items rather than a general everyday word family.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "浓缩铀",
          "traditional": "濃縮鈾",
          "pinyin": "nong2 suo1 you2",
          "meaning": "enriched uranium",
          "label": "Technical",
          "count": 71
        },
        {
          "word": "贫铀",
          "traditional": "貧鈾",
          "pinyin": "pin2 you2",
          "meaning": "depleted uranium",
          "label": "Technical",
          "count": 3
        },
        {
          "word": "氧化铀",
          "traditional": "氧化鈾",
          "pinyin": "yang3 hua4 you2",
          "meaning": "uranium oxide",
          "label": "Chemistry",
          "count": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "碱",
      "rank": 3489,
      "pinyin": "jian3",
      "meaning": "alkali; chemical base",
      "usage": "Can stand alone in a chemistry or food-preparation context. 碱性 means alkaline, and 碱水 names alkaline water used in cooking. Do not confuse 碱 with 减, which means to reduce or subtract.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "碱性",
          "traditional": "鹼性",
          "pinyin": "jian3 xing4",
          "meaning": "alkaline",
          "label": "",
          "count": 18
        },
        {
          "word": "碱水",
          "traditional": "鹼水",
          "pinyin": "jian3 shui3",
          "meaning": "alkaline water; lye water used in cooking",
          "label": "",
          "count": 8
        },
        {
          "word": "酸碱值",
          "traditional": "酸鹼值",
          "pinyin": "suan1 jian3 zhi2",
          "meaning": "pH",
          "label": "Chemistry",
          "count": 7
        },
        {
          "word": "碱基",
          "traditional": "鹼基",
          "pinyin": "jian3 ji1",
          "meaning": "chemical base; nucleobase",
          "label": "Scientific term",
          "count": 6
        },
        {
          "word": "盐碱",
          "traditional": "鹽鹼",
          "pinyin": "yan2 jian3",
          "meaning": "saline and alkaline, especially of soil",
          "label": "",
          "count": 5
        },
        {
          "word": "生物碱",
          "traditional": "生物鹼",
          "pinyin": "sheng1 wu4 jian3",
          "meaning": "alkaloid",
          "label": "Chemistry",
          "count": 4
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "瘆",
      "rank": 3535,
      "pinyin": "shen4",
      "meaning": "to terrify; to give someone the creeps",
      "usage": "Most useful in the colloquial word 瘆人, ‘creepy’ or ‘scary’, rather than as an isolated verb. The selected expressions are dictionary-backed but were not found as whole tokens in the subtitle corpus.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "瘆人",
          "traditional": "瘮人",
          "pinyin": "shen4 ren2",
          "meaning": "creepy; scary",
          "label": "Colloquial",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        },
        {
          "word": "瘆得慌",
          "traditional": "瘮得慌",
          "pinyin": "shen4 de5 huang1",
          "meaning": "frightening; feeling frightened",
          "label": "Colloquial",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "懵",
      "rank": 3553,
      "pinyin": "meng3",
      "meaning": "confused; bewildered",
      "usage": "Usually learned through compounds. 懵懂 suggests not understanding what is going on, while 发懵 describes feeling dazed or at a loss. The selected dictionary readings here use měng.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "懵懂",
          "traditional": "懵懂",
          "pinyin": "meng3 dong3",
          "meaning": "confused; not yet understanding",
          "label": "",
          "count": 33
        },
        {
          "word": "懵懵懂懂",
          "traditional": "懵懵懂懂",
          "pinyin": "meng3 meng3 dong3 dong3",
          "meaning": "muddle-headed; confused",
          "label": "Set expression",
          "count": 14
        },
        {
          "word": "发懵",
          "traditional": "發懵",
          "pinyin": "fa1 meng3",
          "meaning": "to feel dazed; to be at a loss",
          "label": "",
          "count": 2
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "珇",
      "rank": 3555,
      "pinyin": "zu3",
      "meaning": "carving on jade",
      "usage": "An uncommon dictionary character associated with jade carving. It is not a useful everyday standalone word for jade, which is 玉. This page focuses on recognizing the character without inventing a list of common compounds.",
      "words": [],
      "noCompounds": "No compound example was selected from the current CC-CEDICT entries for this character."
    },
    {
      "character": "襄",
      "rank": 3577,
      "pinyin": "xiang1",
      "meaning": "to assist; the surname Xiang",
      "usage": "The ‘assist’ meaning is literary and normally encountered in compounds or formal expressions. 襄 also appears in names and places such as 襄阳. It is not the everyday verb for helping someone; 帮 is more usual in conversation.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "襄阳",
          "traditional": "襄陽",
          "pinyin": "Xiang1 yang2",
          "meaning": "Xiangyang",
          "label": "Place",
          "count": 39
        },
        {
          "word": "共襄盛举",
          "traditional": "共襄盛舉",
          "pinyin": "gong4 xiang1 sheng4 ju3",
          "meaning": "to cooperate on a great undertaking",
          "label": "Formal expression",
          "count": 10
        },
        {
          "word": "襄助",
          "traditional": "襄助",
          "pinyin": "xiang1 zhu4",
          "meaning": "to assist",
          "label": "Literary",
          "count": 4
        },
        {
          "word": "襄理",
          "traditional": "襄理",
          "pinyin": "xiang1 li3",
          "meaning": "assistant manager; to assist",
          "label": "Taiwan / literary",
          "count": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "蛀",
      "rank": 3589,
      "pinyin": "zhu4",
      "meaning": "to bore into; to become insect-damaged",
      "usage": "Can describe an insect eating into wood or other material. 蛀牙 is the especially useful everyday word for a decayed tooth or tooth decay. The eating-away image is also used figuratively in other compounds.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "蛀虫",
          "traditional": "蛀蟲",
          "pinyin": "zhu4 chong2",
          "meaning": "wood-boring or material-eating insect; figuratively a parasite",
          "label": "",
          "count": 120
        },
        {
          "word": "蛀牙",
          "traditional": "蛀牙",
          "pinyin": "zhu4 ya2",
          "meaning": "tooth decay; decayed tooth",
          "label": "",
          "count": 79
        },
        {
          "word": "虫蛀",
          "traditional": "蟲蛀",
          "pinyin": "chong2 zhu4",
          "meaning": "insect-eaten; worm-eaten",
          "label": "",
          "count": 10
        },
        {
          "word": "蛀蚀",
          "traditional": "蛀蝕",
          "pinyin": "zhu4 shi2",
          "meaning": "to eat away; to erode or corrupt",
          "label": "",
          "count": 2
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "廿",
      "rank": 3597,
      "pinyin": "nian4",
      "meaning": "twenty",
      "usage": "An independent numeral and compact written form of twenty, especially useful when reading traditional calendar dates. Everyday Mandarin normally uses 二十. In a date, 廿一 means twenty-one; it is a number combination rather than a vocabulary compound.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "廿四史",
          "traditional": "廿四史",
          "pinyin": "nian4 si4 shi3",
          "meaning": "the Twenty-Four Histories; the traditional collection of dynastic histories",
          "label": "Historical title",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "裆",
      "rank": 3614,
      "pinyin": "dang1",
      "meaning": "crotch; crotch of trousers",
      "usage": "Usually encountered in compounds referring to clothing or the crotch area. 裤裆 is the most useful starting word. The character's clothing radical, 衤, can help distinguish it visually from other dāng characters.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "裤裆",
          "traditional": "褲襠",
          "pinyin": "ku4 dang1",
          "meaning": "crotch of trousers",
          "label": "",
          "count": 153
        },
        {
          "word": "裆部",
          "traditional": "襠部",
          "pinyin": "dang1 bu4",
          "meaning": "crotch area",
          "label": "",
          "count": 19
        },
        {
          "word": "开裆裤",
          "traditional": "開襠褲",
          "pinyin": "kai1 dang1 ku4",
          "meaning": "open-crotch pants for toddlers",
          "label": "",
          "count": 11
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "讳",
      "rank": 3633,
      "pinyin": "hui4",
      "meaning": "to avoid mentioning; taboo name or word",
      "usage": "Usually appears in compounds and set expressions about avoiding a sensitive subject or speaking without concealment. It also has a historical use for names that could not be spoken freely. The reading huì is shared by the selected words; 避讳 also has a neutral-tone final reading in everyday use.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "直言不讳",
          "traditional": "直言不諱",
          "pinyin": "zhi2 yan2 bu4 hui4",
          "meaning": "to speak frankly; not to mince words",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 66
        },
        {
          "word": "忌讳",
          "traditional": "忌諱",
          "pinyin": "ji4 hui4",
          "meaning": "taboo; to avoid as taboo",
          "label": "",
          "count": 60
        },
        {
          "word": "供认不讳",
          "traditional": "供認不諱",
          "pinyin": "gong4 ren4 bu4 hui4",
          "meaning": "to confess fully without concealment",
          "label": "",
          "count": 33
        },
        {
          "word": "避讳",
          "traditional": "避諱",
          "pinyin": "bi4 hui5",
          "meaning": "to avoid a taboo word or sensitive topic",
          "label": "",
          "count": 23
        },
        {
          "word": "讳莫如深",
          "traditional": "諱莫如深",
          "pinyin": "hui4 mo4 ru2 shen1",
          "meaning": "to refuse to discuss a matter",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 14
        },
        {
          "word": "讳言",
          "traditional": "諱言",
          "pinyin": "hui4 yan2",
          "meaning": "to avoid stating openly",
          "label": "",
          "count": 7
        },
        {
          "word": "讳疾忌医",
          "traditional": "諱疾忌醫",
          "pinyin": "hui4 ji2 ji4 yi1",
          "meaning": "to conceal faults and refuse advice",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 3
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "叼",
      "rank": 3634,
      "pinyin": "diao1",
      "meaning": "to hold something in the mouth",
      "usage": "A useful independent verb, so it does not need a fixed compound to be used naturally. For example, 狗叼着骨头 means ‘the dog is holding a bone in its mouth’. It describes holding something with the mouth, rather than swallowing it or simply biting it.",
      "words": [],
      "noCompounds": "The useful practice here is a verb phrase: 叼着烟, ‘holding a cigarette in the mouth’, or 叼着骨头, ‘holding a bone in the mouth’. These are sentence-building examples, not separate dictionary compounds; no fixed compound has been selected."
    },
    {
      "character": "悴",
      "rank": 3640,
      "pinyin": "cui4",
      "meaning": "haggard; downcast",
      "usage": "Mostly learned through 憔悴, describing someone who looks worn and haggard. 悴 by itself is literary. A short page is appropriate here because the single useful compound does much of the learning work.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "憔悴",
          "traditional": "憔悴",
          "pinyin": "qiao2 cui4",
          "meaning": "haggard; thin and worn-looking",
          "label": "",
          "count": 213
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "禧",
      "rank": 3644,
      "pinyin": "xi3",
      "meaning": "joy; good fortune in greetings and names",
      "usage": "Usually appears in greetings, names and set terms rather than alone in conversation. 恭贺新禧 is a New Year greeting. 千禧年 concerns a millennium; 慈禧 is a person's name and is included for recognition, not as an ordinary vocabulary word.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "千禧年",
          "traditional": "千禧年",
          "pinyin": "qian1 xi3 nian2",
          "meaning": "the first year of a millennium, especially 2000",
          "label": "",
          "count": 90
        },
        {
          "word": "慈禧",
          "traditional": "慈禧",
          "pinyin": "Ci2 Xi3",
          "meaning": "Cixi, the Empress Dowager",
          "label": "Name",
          "count": 10
        },
        {
          "word": "恭贺新禧",
          "traditional": "恭賀新禧",
          "pinyin": "gong1 he4 xin1 xi3",
          "meaning": "Happy New Year!; wishing you a happy new year",
          "label": "Greeting",
          "count": 3
        },
        {
          "word": "新禧",
          "traditional": "新禧",
          "pinyin": "xin1 xi3",
          "meaning": "New Year happiness; Happy New Year!",
          "label": "Greeting",
          "count": 2
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "闱",
      "rank": 3674,
      "pinyin": "wei2",
      "meaning": "inner gate; an examination setting in old usage",
      "usage": "A literary and historical character, rarely used alone in modern conversation. The selected compounds are names for stages of the old imperial examination system, not words for today's ordinary school exams.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "春闱",
          "traditional": "春闈",
          "pinyin": "chun1 wei2",
          "meaning": "the spring metropolitan imperial examination",
          "label": "Historical",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        },
        {
          "word": "秋闱",
          "traditional": "秋闈",
          "pinyin": "qiu1 wei2",
          "meaning": "the autumn provincial imperial examination",
          "label": "Historical",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "蹂",
      "rank": 3698,
      "pinyin": "rou2",
      "meaning": "to trample",
      "usage": "Normally encountered in 蹂躏 rather than used alone. The compound can describe physically trampling something or figuratively ravaging a place or violating someone's rights. Learn it as a complete word.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "蹂躏",
          "traditional": "蹂躪",
          "pinyin": "rou2 lin4",
          "meaning": "to ravage; to trample on; to violate",
          "label": "",
          "count": 183
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "郝",
      "rank": 3703,
      "pinyin": "Hao3",
      "meaning": "the surname Hao",
      "usage": "Mainly a surname in modern reading. Recognizing Hǎo as a family name is the goal; do not expect a large family of ordinary compounds. The example is a person's name and is not a common word in this subtitle corpus.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "郝海东",
          "traditional": "郝海東",
          "pinyin": "Hao3 Hai3 dong1",
          "meaning": "Hao Haidong, a former Chinese football player",
          "label": "Name",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "臼",
      "rank": 3735,
      "pinyin": "jiu4",
      "meaning": "mortar, a bowl for pounding",
      "usage": "Can name a mortar on its own, but learners will also meet it in words for a dislocated joint or a molar tooth. 窠臼 is figurative: a fixed pattern or rut. These compounds are more useful than treating every occurrence as the literal grinding bowl.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "脱臼",
          "traditional": "脫臼",
          "pinyin": "tuo1 jiu4",
          "meaning": "dislocation of a joint",
          "label": "",
          "count": 116
        },
        {
          "word": "臼齿",
          "traditional": "臼齒",
          "pinyin": "jiu4 chi3",
          "meaning": "molar tooth",
          "label": "",
          "count": 34
        },
        {
          "word": "前臼齿",
          "traditional": "前臼齒",
          "pinyin": "qian2 jiu4 chi3",
          "meaning": "premolar tooth",
          "label": "Technical",
          "count": 4
        },
        {
          "word": "窠臼",
          "traditional": "窠臼",
          "pinyin": "ke1 jiu4",
          "meaning": "stereotyped pattern; rut",
          "label": "",
          "count": 4
        },
        {
          "word": "不落窠臼",
          "traditional": "不落窠臼",
          "pinyin": "bu4 luo4 ke1 jiu4",
          "meaning": "to have an original style; to avoid a stale pattern",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "砃",
      "rank": 3747,
      "pinyin": "dan1",
      "meaning": "white stone",
      "usage": "A rare dictionary character read dān, meaning ‘white stone’. It is not an ordinary conversational word. This page focuses on recognizing the character and its meaning instead of suggesting that it has common everyday compounds.",
      "words": [],
      "noCompounds": "No compound entries containing 砃 were found in the downloaded CC-CEDICT edition. No vocabulary examples are invented for this rare character."
    },
    {
      "character": "耞",
      "rank": 3842,
      "pinyin": "jia1",
      "meaning": "a flail for threshing grain",
      "usage": "A rare character read jiā for a flail, a tool used to thresh grain. CC-CEDICT also records it as an old variant of 枷. Treat it as recognition of an older tool name or character form, rather than an everyday conversational word.",
      "words": [],
      "noCompounds": "No compound entries containing 耞 were found in the downloaded CC-CEDICT edition. The character's tool meaning and its dictionary connection to 枷 are the learning focus."
    },
    {
      "character": "媲",
      "rank": 3870,
      "pinyin": "pi4",
      "meaning": "to match; to be comparable",
      "usage": "Learn this character through 媲美: ‘to match’ or ‘to be comparable with’. It is not normally used as an independent word in conversation. A short page is useful here because this one compound is the main learning target.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "媲美",
          "traditional": "媲美",
          "pinyin": "pi4 mei3",
          "meaning": "to match; to rival; to be comparable with",
          "label": "",
          "count": 68
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "芸",
      "rank": 3916,
      "pinyin": "yun2",
      "meaning": "rue; a component in names and literary words",
      "usage": "Not generally used alone in everyday speech. 芸芸众生 is a useful expression for ordinary people or living beings in general. The character also appears in personal names and in some plant or food words.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "芸芸众生",
          "traditional": "芸芸眾生",
          "pinyin": "yun2 yun2 zhong4 sheng1",
          "meaning": "the mass of ordinary people; all living beings",
          "label": "Set expression",
          "count": 44
        },
        {
          "word": "芸芸",
          "traditional": "芸芸",
          "pinyin": "yun2 yun2",
          "meaning": "numerous; varied",
          "label": "Literary",
          "count": 7
        },
        {
          "word": "芸香",
          "traditional": "芸香",
          "pinyin": "yun2 xiang1",
          "meaning": "rue",
          "label": "Plant",
          "count": 5
        },
        {
          "word": "芸豆",
          "traditional": "芸豆",
          "pinyin": "yun2 dou4",
          "meaning": "kidney bean",
          "label": "",
          "count": 2
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "鲶",
      "rank": 3959,
      "pinyin": "nian2",
      "meaning": "catfish",
      "usage": "A fish-name character, read nián. In ordinary speech, the full word 鲶鱼 is the useful form. The dictionary also cross-references the spelling 鲇 for catfish; this page keeps 鲶, the character shown in your test.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "鲶鱼",
          "traditional": "鯰魚",
          "pinyin": "nian2 yu2",
          "meaning": "catfish",
          "label": "",
          "count": 139
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "鳖",
      "rank": 4008,
      "pinyin": "bie1",
      "meaning": "softshell turtle",
      "usage": "Can stand alone as the name of a softshell turtle. The turtle-in-a-jar image appears in two useful idioms about someone trapped or easy to catch. 土鳖 has a separate colloquial insulting sense, so context matters.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "瓮中之鳖",
          "traditional": "甕中之鱉",
          "pinyin": "weng4 zhong1 zhi1 bie1",
          "meaning": "someone trapped with no escape",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 35
        },
        {
          "word": "土鳖",
          "traditional": "土鱉",
          "pinyin": "tu3 bie1",
          "meaning": "ground beetle; a country bumpkin",
          "label": "Colloquial sense can insult",
          "count": 22
        },
        {
          "word": "瓮中捉鳖",
          "traditional": "甕中捉鱉",
          "pinyin": "weng4 zhong1 zhuo1 bie1",
          "meaning": "to catch easy prey already trapped",
          "label": "Idiom",
          "count": 20
        },
        {
          "word": "鳖甲",
          "traditional": "鱉甲",
          "pinyin": "bie1 jia3",
          "meaning": "softshell turtle shell",
          "label": "",
          "count": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "辊",
      "rank": 4059,
      "pinyin": "gun3",
      "meaning": "roller",
      "usage": "A technical noun for a roller used in machinery. It can stand alone in that setting, but most everyday readers will meet it in specialized equipment descriptions. The selected compound is from metalworking.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "轧辊",
          "traditional": "軋輥",
          "pinyin": "zha2 gun3",
          "meaning": "rolling-mill roller",
          "label": "Technical",
          "count": 2
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "锵",
      "rank": 4065,
      "pinyin": "qiang1",
      "meaning": "a ringing or tinkling sound",
      "usage": "Usually encountered in 铿锵, which can describe a resonant sound or forceful words. It is not an ordinary standalone adjective. One complete compound is the useful starting point here.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "铿锵",
          "traditional": "鏗鏘",
          "pinyin": "keng1 qiang1",
          "meaning": "resonant; ringing; forceful in expression",
          "label": "",
          "count": 27
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "缈",
      "rank": 4106,
      "pinyin": "miao3",
      "meaning": "a component in words for hazy or elusive things",
      "usage": "Normally occurs in 缥缈, not as an independent word. The idea is something faint, elusive, or unreal. Other spellings such as 飘渺 occur too; the selected examples retain the 缈 spelling so you can recognize this character.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "虚无缥缈",
          "traditional": "虛無縹緲",
          "pinyin": "xu1 wu2 piao1 miao3",
          "meaning": "illusory; unreal; fanciful",
          "label": "",
          "count": 51
        },
        {
          "word": "缥缈",
          "traditional": "縹緲",
          "pinyin": "piao1 miao3",
          "meaning": "faint and elusive; misty",
          "label": "",
          "count": 10
        },
        {
          "word": "飘缈",
          "traditional": "飄緲",
          "pinyin": "piao1 miao3",
          "meaning": "misty; elusive",
          "label": "Variant spelling",
          "count": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "耷",
      "rank": 4298,
      "pinyin": "da1",
      "meaning": "to droop; to hang down",
      "usage": "Most useful in 耷拉, meaning to droop or dangle. 耷拉着脑袋 describes a drooping or lowered head. The old single-character meaning ‘big ears’ is less useful for everyday recognition.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "耷拉",
          "traditional": "耷拉",
          "pinyin": "da1 la5",
          "meaning": "to droop; to hang down; to dangle",
          "label": "",
          "count": 39
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "冶",
      "rank": 4303,
      "pinyin": "ye3",
      "meaning": "to smelt; to cast metal",
      "usage": "Usually appears in compounds. 冶炼 and 冶金 concern metals; 陶冶 uses an image of shaping material to describe educating or cultivating a person. Do not confuse 冶 with 治, the character in 治疗 or 政治.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "冶炼",
          "traditional": "冶煉",
          "pinyin": "ye3 lian4",
          "meaning": "to smelt metal",
          "label": "",
          "count": 16
        },
        {
          "word": "冶金",
          "traditional": "冶金",
          "pinyin": "ye3 jin1",
          "meaning": "metallurgy",
          "label": "",
          "count": 16
        },
        {
          "word": "陶冶",
          "traditional": "陶冶",
          "pinyin": "tao2 ye3",
          "meaning": "to cultivate or educate",
          "label": "",
          "count": 11
        },
        {
          "word": "陶冶情操",
          "traditional": "陶冶情操",
          "pinyin": "tao2 ye3 qing2 cao1",
          "meaning": "to cultivate the mind or character",
          "label": "Set expression",
          "count": 2
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "箔",
      "rank": 4312,
      "pinyin": "bo2",
      "meaning": "metal foil; thin sheeting",
      "usage": "Usually learned in compounds naming a material, especially 铝箔 for aluminum foil. It can be a technical noun on its own, but the complete material name is clearer in everyday use. 金箔 means gold leaf.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "金箔",
          "traditional": "金箔",
          "pinyin": "jin1 bo2",
          "meaning": "gold leaf",
          "label": "",
          "count": 18
        },
        {
          "word": "铝箔",
          "traditional": "鋁箔",
          "pinyin": "lu:3 bo2",
          "meaning": "aluminum foil",
          "label": "",
          "count": 15
        },
        {
          "word": "锡箔纸",
          "traditional": "錫箔紙",
          "pinyin": "xi1 bo2 zhi3",
          "meaning": "foil paper; aluminum foil",
          "label": "",
          "count": 11
        },
        {
          "word": "铝箔纸",
          "traditional": "鋁箔紙",
          "pinyin": "lu:3 bo2 zhi3",
          "meaning": "aluminum foil",
          "label": "",
          "count": 10
        },
        {
          "word": "锡箔",
          "traditional": "錫箔",
          "pinyin": "xi1 bo2",
          "meaning": "tinfoil",
          "label": "",
          "count": 10
        },
        {
          "word": "银箔",
          "traditional": "銀箔",
          "pinyin": "yin2 bo2",
          "meaning": "silver foil",
          "label": "",
          "count": 3
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "摹",
      "rank": 4375,
      "pinyin": "mo2",
      "meaning": "to copy; to imitate",
      "usage": "Usually used in compounds about copying art, handwriting, or a model. 临摹 is the key word to learn first. Some other spellings overlap with 模, so recognizing the complete word is more helpful than treating the characters as freely interchangeable.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "临摹",
          "traditional": "臨摹",
          "pinyin": "lin2 mo2",
          "meaning": "to copy a calligraphy or painting model",
          "label": "",
          "count": 29
        },
        {
          "word": "摹仿",
          "traditional": "摹仿",
          "pinyin": "mo2 fang3",
          "meaning": "to imitate",
          "label": "Variant of 模仿",
          "count": 3
        },
        {
          "word": "摹拟",
          "traditional": "摹擬",
          "pinyin": "mo2 ni3",
          "meaning": "to simulate; to imitate",
          "label": "Variant of 模拟",
          "count": 2
        },
        {
          "word": "描摹",
          "traditional": "描摹",
          "pinyin": "miao2 mo2",
          "meaning": "to trace; to copy; to portray",
          "label": "",
          "count": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "矽",
      "rank": 4464,
      "pinyin": "xi1 / xi4",
      "meaning": "silicon; chiefly a Taiwan usage",
      "usage": "A regional scientific term for silicon; Mainland usage usually has 硅 instead. The dictionary lists xī and notes Taiwan pronunciation xì. This regional distinction is useful for reading 矽谷 and electronics vocabulary.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "矽谷",
          "traditional": "矽谷",
          "pinyin": "Xi1 gu3",
          "meaning": "Silicon Valley",
          "label": "Place",
          "count": 18
        },
        {
          "word": "矽藻",
          "traditional": "矽藻",
          "pinyin": "xi1 zao3",
          "meaning": "diatom",
          "label": "Scientific term",
          "count": 13
        },
        {
          "word": "矽胶",
          "traditional": "矽膠",
          "pinyin": "xi1 jiao1",
          "meaning": "silica gel; silicone rubber",
          "label": "Taiwan / Hong Kong",
          "count": 7
        },
        {
          "word": "矽片",
          "traditional": "矽片",
          "pinyin": "xi1 pian4",
          "meaning": "silicon wafer",
          "label": "Taiwan",
          "count": 2
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "佻",
      "rank": 4564,
      "pinyin": "tiao1",
      "meaning": "frivolous; unsteady",
      "usage": "Mostly encountered in 轻佻 rather than used alone. The compound describes frivolous or overly flirtatious behavior and often conveys criticism. It is a different character from 跳, ‘jump’.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "轻佻",
          "traditional": "輕佻",
          "pinyin": "qing1 tiao1",
          "meaning": "frivolous; coquettish",
          "label": "",
          "count": 48
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "嫦",
      "rank": 4653,
      "pinyin": "chang2",
      "meaning": "a component of Chang'e and female names",
      "usage": "Mainly useful in the name 嫦娥, Chang'e from Chinese mythology, and in female given names. It is not an ordinary standalone descriptive word. Recognize the name as a whole.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "嫦娥",
          "traditional": "嫦娥",
          "pinyin": "Chang2 e2",
          "meaning": "Chang'e, the lady in the moon; also a lunar-spacecraft series",
          "label": "Name",
          "count": 22
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "鲛",
      "rank": 4806,
      "pinyin": "jiao1",
      "meaning": "shark; a fish-name component",
      "usage": "A bound or literary fish character; the everyday word for shark is 鲨鱼. In 马鲛鱼 it names a mackerel, so the character does not always imply a shark in the complete word. 鲛人 belongs to folklore.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "马鲛鱼",
          "traditional": "馬鮫魚",
          "pinyin": "ma3 jiao1 yu2",
          "meaning": "Spanish mackerel",
          "label": "Fish",
          "count": 7
        },
        {
          "word": "鲛人",
          "traditional": "鮫人",
          "pinyin": "jiao1 ren2",
          "meaning": "a fish-like person whose tears become pearls",
          "label": "Folklore",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        },
        {
          "word": "鲛鱼",
          "traditional": "鮫魚",
          "pinyin": "jiao1 yu2",
          "meaning": "shark",
          "label": "Archaic",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "淙",
      "rank": 4871,
      "pinyin": "cong2",
      "meaning": "the sound of flowing water",
      "usage": "A sound-descriptive character associated with flowing water, rather than an everyday independent noun. This page focuses on recognition of that meaning. The current dictionary extract has no selected compound example for this character.",
      "words": [],
      "noCompounds": "No compound example was selected from the current CC-CEDICT entries. This does not imply that no such expression exists elsewhere."
    },
    {
      "character": "宦",
      "rank": 5035,
      "pinyin": "huan4",
      "meaning": "imperial official; court eunuch",
      "usage": "Mostly encountered in historical compounds, not used as an ordinary modern job title. 宦官 refers to a court eunuch, while 官宦 refers more broadly to officials or official families. It is also a surname.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "宦官",
          "traditional": "宦官",
          "pinyin": "huan4 guan1",
          "meaning": "court eunuch",
          "label": "Historical",
          "count": 23
        },
        {
          "word": "官宦",
          "traditional": "官宦",
          "pinyin": "guan1 huan4",
          "meaning": "an official; officialdom",
          "label": "Historical",
          "count": 4
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "浙",
      "rank": 5099,
      "pinyin": "Zhe4",
      "meaning": "short name for Zhejiang",
      "usage": "Can stand alone as a regional abbreviation for Zhejiang, especially in labels or names. In full, 浙江 names the province. This is a place-name character, not an ordinary descriptive word.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "浙江",
          "traditional": "浙江",
          "pinyin": "Zhe4 jiang1",
          "meaning": "Zhejiang",
          "label": "Place",
          "count": 13
        },
        {
          "word": "浙江省",
          "traditional": "浙江省",
          "pinyin": "Zhe4 jiang1 Sheng3",
          "meaning": "Zhejiang Province",
          "label": "Place",
          "count": 2
        },
        {
          "word": "浙菜",
          "traditional": "浙菜",
          "pinyin": "Zhe4 cai4",
          "meaning": "Zhejiang cuisine",
          "label": "",
          "count": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "鉼",
      "rank": 5276,
      "pinyin": "bing3",
      "meaning": "plate; metal plate",
      "usage": "An uncommon dictionary character, read bǐng. It is not the usual everyday word for a dinner plate, which is 盘子. This page deliberately focuses on the character instead of presenting obscure or invented compounds as common vocabulary.",
      "words": [],
      "noCompounds": "No compound example was selected from the current CC-CEDICT entries for this character."
    },
    {
      "character": "栾",
      "rank": 5293,
      "pinyin": "Luan2 / luan2",
      "meaning": "the surname Luan; golden-rain tree",
      "usage": "Often useful as the surname Luán or in place names. The lowercase dictionary reading also names the tree Koelreuteria paniculata. The examples are place names, not ordinary descriptive compounds, and are outside this subtitle token list.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "栾城区",
          "traditional": "欒城區",
          "pinyin": "Luan2 cheng2 Qu1",
          "meaning": "Luancheng District in Shijiazhuang, Hebei",
          "label": "Place",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        },
        {
          "word": "栾川县",
          "traditional": "欒川縣",
          "pinyin": "Luan2 chuan1 Xian4",
          "meaning": "Luanchuan County in Luoyang, Henan",
          "label": "Place",
          "count": 0,
          "corpusStatus": "not-observed"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "埂",
      "rank": 5344,
      "pinyin": "geng3",
      "meaning": "a low earthen embankment between fields",
      "usage": "A noun associated with raised strips of earth, particularly in farmland. It can stand alone in that setting, but 田埂 is the clearer complete word to recognize. This is a small, specialized word family.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "田埂",
          "traditional": "田埂",
          "pinyin": "tian2 geng3",
          "meaning": "a raised embankment between fields",
          "label": "",
          "count": 2
        },
        {
          "word": "土埂",
          "traditional": "土埂",
          "pinyin": "tu3 geng3",
          "meaning": "an earthen embankment between fields",
          "label": "",
          "count": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "饽",
      "rank": 5434,
      "pinyin": "bo1",
      "meaning": "a component in words for buns and pastries",
      "usage": "Usually occurs doubled as 饽饽, a regional word for pastries, cakes, or steamed buns. 香饽饽 can also figuratively mean a person or thing in high demand. It is not normally used alone in everyday Mandarin.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "香饽饽",
          "traditional": "香餑餑",
          "pinyin": "xiang1 bo1 bo5",
          "meaning": "a desirable person or thing; a popular prize",
          "label": "Figurative",
          "count": 7
        },
        {
          "word": "饽饽",
          "traditional": "餑餑",
          "pinyin": "bo1 bo5",
          "meaning": "pastry; steamed bun; cake",
          "label": "Regional",
          "count": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "厍",
      "rank": 5491,
      "pinyin": "She4",
      "meaning": "the surname She",
      "usage": "A surname character, read Shè. Recognizing it as a family name is the main goal; it is not a common descriptive word. The current dictionary extract does not provide a useful compound or full-name example to list here.",
      "words": [],
      "noCompounds": "This character is chiefly a surname. No compound example was selected from the current CC-CEDICT entries."
    },
    {
      "character": "氤",
      "rank": 5670,
      "pinyin": "yin1",
      "meaning": "a component in a word for dense mist or vapor",
      "usage": "Normally found in 氤氲, not used as an independent everyday word. The compound is literary and describes dense smoke, mist, or vapor. Learn the two syllables together: yīn yūn.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "氤氲",
          "traditional": "氤氳",
          "pinyin": "yin1 yun1",
          "meaning": "dense or thick, of mist, smoke, or vapor",
          "label": "Literary",
          "count": 6
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "湴",
      "rank": 5690,
      "pinyin": "ban4 / pan2",
      "meaning": "mud or slush; to wade, depending on the reading",
      "usage": "An uncommon dictionary character. The bàn reading names mud, slush, or ooze; the pán reading means to wade through water or mud. It is not the usual everyday word for mud, and no compound example was selected for this batch.",
      "words": [],
      "noCompounds": "The current CC-CEDICT extract has no selected compound example. This page focuses on distinguishing the two dictionary readings."
    },
    {
      "character": "蛴",
      "rank": 5744,
      "pinyin": "qi2",
      "meaning": "a component in insect-larva names",
      "usage": "Normally encountered in 蛴螬, the larva or grub of a scarab beetle, rather than used alone. It is specialized insect vocabulary. Recognizing the complete animal name is the useful starting point.",
      "words": [
        {
          "word": "蛴螬",
          "traditional": "蠐螬",
          "pinyin": "qi2 cao2",
          "meaning": "scarab beetle larva; grub",
          "label": "Insect",
          "count": 9
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "character": "瘌",
      "rank": 5942,
      "pinyin": "la4",
      "meaning": "scabies; scald-head (dictionary senses)",
      "usage": "An uncommon character, read là. The dictionary glosses it with older skin-condition terms such as ‘scald-head’. It is not a common modern standalone conversational word, and this batch has no selected compound example.",
      "words": [],
      "noCompounds": "No compound example was selected from the current CC-CEDICT entries. The page provides recognition of the character and its dictionary reading."
    }
  ]
}